ഫലകം:Infobox silicon

Silicon, ₀₀Si

പ്രമാണം:SiliconCroda
Silicon
Pronunciation	/ˈsɪlɪkən/ ​(SIL-ə-kən)
Allotropes	see Allotropes of silicon
Appearance	As broken ingot: crystalline with dark reflective bluish-tinged faces
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Si)
	ഫലകം:Infobox element/standard atomic weight format
Silicon in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson C ↑ Si ↓ Ge aluminium ← silicon → phosphorus
Group	group 14 (carbon group)
Period	period 3
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1687 K ​(1420 °C, ​2577 °F)
Boiling point	3538 K ​(2355 °C, ​5909 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	2.33 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	2.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	50.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	359 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	19.789 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1908 2102 2339 2636 3021 3537
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −3, −2, −1, +1 +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.90
Ionization energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 117.6 pm calculated: 111 pm
Covalent radius	111 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm
Spectral lines of silicon
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​Diamond cubic Diamond cubic
Speed of sound thin rod	8433 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	2.6 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	149 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering	nonmagnetic
Young's modulus	150 GPa
Bulk modulus	100 GPa
Mohs hardness	7
CAS Number	7440-21-3
Isotopes of silicon