ഓർത്തപ്റ്റെറ

ഓർത്തപ്റ്റെറ; Temporal range: Carboniferous–recent 359–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Roesel's bush-cricket
ശാസ്ത്രീയ വർഗ്ഗീകരണം
Domain:	Eukaryota
കിങ്ഡം:	Animalia
Phylum:	ആർത്രോപോഡ
Class:	പ്രാണി
(unranked):	Panorthoptera
Order:	Orthoptera; Latreille, 1793
Extant suborders and superfamilies
	Suborder Ensifera Grylloidea; Hagloidea; Rhaphidophoroidea; Schizodactyloidea; Stenopelmatoidea; Tettigonioidea; Suborder Caelifera Acridoidea; Eumastacoidea; Pneumoroidea; Pyrgomorphoidea; Tanaoceroidea; Tetrigoidea; Tridactyloidea; Trigonopterygoidea;

ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera

പുൽച്ചാടി, വെട്ടുകിളി, ക്രിക്കറ്റ് എന്നിവയടങ്ങുന്ന ഒരു നിരയാണ് ഓർത്തപ്റ്റെറ (Orthoptera). 20,000-ൽ അധികം ഇനങ്ങൾ ഈ നിരയിലുണ്ട്.^[1] അപൂർണ്ണ രൂപാന്തരീകരണം വഴി പ്രത്യുൽപ്പാദനം നടത്തുന്ന ഇവയ്ക്കു ചിറകുകളോ കാലുകളോ ഉരച്ചു ശംബ്ദം പുറപ്പെടുവിക്കാൻ കഴിയും.^[2]^[3]

പദോൽപ്പത്തി[തിരുത്തുക]

പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്ക് പദമായ ὀρθός നു "ഋജുവായ" എന്നും πτερόν ചിറക് എന്നുമാണർത്ഥം.

പരിണാമം[തിരുത്തുക]

വംശജനിതകം[തിരുത്തുക]

പുൽച്ചാടി,, ക്രിക്കറ്റ് എന്നിങ്ങനെ രണ്ട് ഉപനിരകളായി ഇവയെ വേർതിരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Orthoptera

Ensifera

Grylloidea (crickets)

	Rhaphidophoroidea (cave weta, cave crickets)

	Tettigonoidea (grigs, weta, katydids, etc)

	Elcanidea †

	Oedischiidea †

	Gryllavoidea †

	Schizodactyloidea (dune crickets)

Caelifera

Tridactylidea

	Tridactyloidea

	[2 extinct superfamilies]

Acrididea

Tetrigoidea

Acridomorpha

Eumastacoidea

Pneumoroidea

	Pyrgomorphoidea

	Acridoidea etc.

വർഗ്ഗീകരണം[തിരുത്തുക]

ഉപ നിരകളും അതികുടുംബങ്ങളും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന വേർതിരിവുകൾ:^[7]^[8]^[9]

Suborder Caelifera – grasshoppers, pygmy mole crickets and allies
- Infraorder Acrididea
  - Superfamily Acridoidea – grasshoppers, locusts
  - Superfamily Eumastacoidea – monkey or matchstick grasshoppers and allies
  - Superfamily Locustopsoidea†
  - Superfamily Pneumoroidea – bladder grasshoppers
  - Superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea – gaudy grasshoppers
  - Superfamily Tanaoceroidea – desert long-horned grasshoppers
  - Superfamily Tetrigoidea – ground-hoppers or grouse locusts
  - Superfamily Trigonopterygoidea – leaf grasshoppers
- Infraorder Tridactylidea
  - Superfamily Dzhajloutshelloidea†
  - Superfamily Regiatoidea†
  - Superfamily Tridactyloidea – pygmy mole crickets and allies
Suborder Ensifera – crickets
- Superfamily Grylloidea – crickets, mole crickets
- Superfamily Hagloidea – grigs and allies
- Superfamily Phasmomimoidea†
- Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea – camel crickets, cave crickets, cave wetas
- Superfamily Schizodactyloidea – dune crickets
- Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea – wetas and allies
- Superfamily Tettigonioidea – katydids / bush crickets

അവലംബം[തിരുത്തുക]

↑ "Orthoptera - Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets, Katydids". Discover Life. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
↑ Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. (1998). Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. pp. 392–394. ISBN 0-19-510033-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Imes, Rick (1992), The practical entomologist, Simon and Schuster, pp. 74–75, ISBN 0-671-74695-2
↑ Zhou Z, Ye H, Huang Y, Shi F. (2010) The phylogeny of Orthoptera inferred from mtDNA and description of Elimaea cheni (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) mitogenome. J. Genet. Genomics. 37(5):315-324
↑ Gwynne, Darryl T. (1995). "Phylogeny of the Ensifera (Orthoptera): a hypothesis supporting multiple origins of acoustical signalling, complex spermatophores and maternal care in crickets, katydids, and weta". J. Orth. Res. 4: 203–218.
↑ Flook, P. K.; Rowell, C. H. F. (1997). "The Phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as Deduced from mtrRNA Gene Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 8 (1): 89–103. doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0412. PMID 9242597.
↑ "Orthoptera Species File Online" (PDF). University of Illinois. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
↑ Blackith, RE; Blackith, RM (1968). "A numerical taxonomy of Orthopteroid insects". Australian Journal of Zoology. 16 (1): 111. doi:10.1071/ZO9680111.
↑ Flook, P. K.; Klee, S.; Rowell, C. H. F.; Simon, C. (1999). "Combined Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the Orthoptera (Arthropoda, Insecta) and Implications for Their Higher Systematics". Systematic Biology. 48 (2): 233–253. doi:10.1080/106351599260274. ISSN 1076-836X.

പുറം കണ്ണികൾ[തിരുത്തുക]

Orthoptera Species File Online
Orthoptera Image Gallery (Iowa State University Entomology Department)
Australian Plague Locust Commission
The Orthopterists' Society
AcridAfrica, les acridiens d'Afrique de l'Ouest
"Orthoptera" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |HIDE_PARAMETER15=, |HIDE_PARAMETER13=, |HIDE_PARAMETER2=, |HIDE_PARAMETER21=, |HIDE_PARAMETER11=, |HIDE_PARAMETER28=, |HIDE_PARAMETER32=, |HIDE_PARAMETER14=, |HIDE_PARAMETER17=, |HIDE_PARAMETER31=, |HIDE_PARAMETER20=, |HIDE_PARAMETER5=, |HIDE_PARAMETER30=, |HIDE_PARAMETER19=, |HIDE_PARAMETER29=, |HIDE_PARAMETER16=, |HIDE_PARAMETER26=, |HIDE_PARAMETER22=, |HIDE_PARAMETER25=, |HIDE_PARAMETER33=, |HIDE_PARAMETER24=, |HIDE_PARAMETER18=, |HIDE_PARAMETER10=, |HIDE_PARAMETER4=, |HIDE_PARAMETER3=, |HIDE_PARAMETER1=, |HIDE_PARAMETER23=, |HIDE_PARAMETER27=, and |HIDE_PARAMETER12= (help)
Birdwing Grasshoppers in Belize Archived 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine.
Sound recordings of Orthoptera at BioAcoustica Archived 2015-09-25 at the Wayback Machine.

[1] "Orthoptera - Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets, Katydids". Discover Life. Retrieved 2017-09-06.

[IIBD-2] Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. (1998). Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. pp. 392–394. ISBN 0-19-510033-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Imes, Rick (1992), The practical entomologist, Simon and Schuster, pp. 74–75, ISBN 0-671-74695-2

[Zhou2010-4] Zhou Z, Ye H, Huang Y, Shi F. (2010) The phylogeny of Orthoptera inferred from mtDNA and description of Elimaea cheni (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) mitogenome. J. Genet. Genomics. 37(5):315-324

[Gwynne-5] Gwynne, Darryl T. (1995). "Phylogeny of the Ensifera (Orthoptera): a hypothesis supporting multiple origins of acoustical signalling, complex spermatophores and maternal care in crickets, katydids, and weta". J. Orth. Res. 4: 203–218.

[6] Flook, P. K.; Rowell, C. H. F. (1997). "The Phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as Deduced from mtrRNA Gene Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 8 (1): 89–103. doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0412. PMID 9242597.

[7] "Orthoptera Species File Online" (PDF). University of Illinois. Retrieved 6 January 2018.

[BlackithBlackith1968-8] Blackith, RE; Blackith, RM (1968). "A numerical taxonomy of Orthopteroid insects". Australian Journal of Zoology. 16 (1): 111. doi:10.1071/ZO9680111.

[FlookKlee1999-9] Flook, P. K.; Klee, S.; Rowell, C. H. F.; Simon, C. (1999). "Combined Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the Orthoptera (Arthropoda, Insecta) and Implications for Their Higher Systematics". Systematic Biology. 48 (2): 233–253. doi:10.1080/106351599260274. ISSN 1076-836X.

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