പൊരജ്മോസ്

ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porajmos

Romani civilians in Asperg, Germany are rounded up for deportation by German authorities on 22 May 1940.

റൊമാനി വംശഹത്യയോ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ റൊമാനി കൂട്ടക്കൊലയോ ആണ് പൊരജ്മോസ് (റൊമാനിയൻ ഉച്ചാരണം: IPA: [pʰoɽajmos]) എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഫറാജിമോസ് ("കട്ടിംഗ് അപ്", "ഫ്രാഗ്മെന്റേഷൻ", "ഡിസ്ട്രക്ഷൻ") സമുദാരിപ്പൻ ("മാസ് കില്ലിംഗ്") എന്നിവ നാസി ജർമനിയും രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധ കൂട്ടാളികളും യൂറോപ്പിലെ റൊമാനിയക്കാരിൽ വംശഹത്യ നടത്താൻ നടത്തിയ പരിശ്രമമായിരുന്നു.

അഡോൾഫ് ഹിറ്റ്ലറുടെ കീഴിൽ ന്യൂറംബർഗ് നിയമങ്ങൾക്ക് ഒരു അനുബന്ധ കത്ത് 1935 നവംബർ 26-ന് പുറപ്പെടുവിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ജിപ്സിസിനെ "വംശനാധിഷ്ഠിത ഭരണകൂടത്തിന്റെ ശത്രുക്കൾ" എന്ന് വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കുകയും, അതുവഴി ജൂതന്മാരെ അതേ വിഭാഗത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തുകയും ചെയ്തു. അങ്ങനെ ചില വഴികളിൽ ജൂതന്മാരുടെ കൂട്ടക്കൊലയിൽ ജൂതസമുദായത്തിൽ യൂറോപ്പിലെ റോമയുടെ വിധി സമാന്തരമായി.

ഇതും കാണുക

• Antiziganism
• Szczurowa massacre
• And the Violins Stopped Playing
• Korkoro

ബിബ്ലിയോഗ്രഫി

• Bársony, János; Daróczi, Ágnes (2008). Pharrajimos: The Fate of the Roma During the Holocaust. IDEA. ISBN 978-1-932716-30-6. 
• Crowe, David; Kolsti, John (eds.). The Gypsies of Eastern Europe. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe (Routledge). ISBN 978-0-87332-671-1: 

• Hancock, Ian (1992). Gypsy History in Germany and Neighbouring Lands: A Chronology Leading to the Holocaust and Beyond. 
• Tyrnauer, Gabrielle (1992). The Fate of the Gypsies During the Holocaust. 

• Fraser, Angus (1992). The Gypsies. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-19605-1. 
• Gilbert, Martin (1989). Second World War. London: Guild Publishing. 
• Gilbert, Martin (2002). The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28145-8.  Note: formerly The Dent Atlas of the Holocaust; 1982, 1993.
• Gilbert, Martin (2004). The Second World War: A Complete History. Revised edition. Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-7623-3. 
• Hancock, Ian (1997). "A Glossary of Romani Terms". American Journal of Comparative Law. 45 (2): 329–44. doi:10.2307/840853. JSTOR 840853. 
• Hancock, Ian (2002). We are the Romani People. Hatfield: University Of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-1-902806-19-8. 
• Hancock, Ian (2010). Karanth, Dileep, ed. Danger! Educated Gypsy. Selected Essays. University of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-1-902806-98-3. 
• Heuss, Herbert; Sparing, Frank; Fings, Karola; et al., eds. (1997). The Gypsies during the Second World War. 1 From "Race Science" to the Camps. Gypsy Research Centre and University of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-0-900458-78-1: 

• Heuss, Herbert (1997). German policies of Gypsy persecution (1870–1945). 
• Sparing, Frank (1997). The Gypsy Camps – The creation, character and meaning of an instrument for the persecution of Sinti and Romanies under National Socialism. 

• Kenrick, Donald, ed. (1999). The Gypsies during the Second World War. 2 In the Shadow of the Swastika. Gypsy Research Centre and Univ. of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-0-900458-85-9. 
• Kenrick, Donald, ed. (2006). The Gypsies during the Second World War. 3 The Final Chapter. Gypsy Research Centre and Univ. of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-1-902806-49-5. 

• Jessee, Erin (3 February 2010). Nazi Atrocities: The Genocide of the Roma/Sinti. Lecture at Concordia University. Montreal, Quebec. 
• Lewy, Guenter (2000). The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512556-8. 
• Longerich, Peter (2012). Heinrich Himmler: A Life. OUP Oxford. ISBN 0199651744. 
• Matras, Yaron (2004). "A conflict of paradigms: review article (Reviewed by Yaron Matras)" (PDF). Romani Studies. 14 (2): 193–219. doi:10.3828/rs.2004.7. 
• Milton, Sybil (1992). Nazi Policies Toward Roma and Sinti, 1933–1945. 2. Gypsy Lore Society. ASIN B0006RI6NA.  Preview in ProQuest.
• Milton, Sybil (2009). "The Holocaust: The Gypsies". In Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S. Century of Genocide (3rd ed.). Routledge. 
• Rummel, Rudolph J. (1992). Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. 
• Rummel, Rudolph J. (1997). Statistic of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900. Center for National Security Law, University of Virginia and Transaction Publishers. 

കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്

• Bernadac, Christian (ed.) (1980). L'Holocauste oublié. Le martyre des Tsiganes Éditions Famot (in French).
• Fonseca, Isabel (1996). Bury Me Standing: The Gypsies And Their Journey. Chapter 7, The Devouring. London: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-73743-8.
• Kenrick, Donald; Puxon, Grattan (2009). Gypsies Under the Swastika. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-1-902806-80-8.
• Klamper, Elisabeth (1993). Persecution and Annihilation of Roma and Sinti in Austria, 1938–1945. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society 5, 3 (2).
• Korb, Alexander (2010). "A Multipronged Attack: Ustaša Persecution of Serbs, Jews, and Roma in Wartime Croatia". Eradicating Differences: The Treatment of Minorities in Nazi-Dominated Europe. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 145–163. 
• Milton, Sybil (2001). "'Gypsies' as Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany". In Gellately, Robert; Stoltzfus, Nathan. Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08684-2.  In Google Books.
• Montemarano, Mike (22 April 2015). A Case for Heritage: The Romani. Art On The Banks Journal.
• Pamieci, Ksiega (1993). Memorial Book: The Gypsies at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Introduction by Jan Parcer. K G Saur Verlag for State Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau. ISBN 978-3-598-11162-4.
• Polansky, Paul (1998). Black Silence: The Lety Survivors Speak. G plus G. ISBN 0-89304-241-2. 
• Ramati, Alexander (1986). And the Violins Stopped Playing: A Story of the Gypsy Holocaust. War time biography of Roman (Dymitr) Mirga, on which the film of the same name is based.
• Rose, Romani, ed. (1995). The Nazi Genocide of the Sinti and Roma. Heidelberg: Documentary and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma. 
• Sonneman, Toby (2002). Shared Sorrows: A Gypsy Family Remembers the Holocaust. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-1-902806-10-5.
• Tyrnauer, Gabrielle (1989). Gypsies and the Holocaust: A Bibliography and Introductory Essay. Concordia University – Montreal Institute for Genocide Studies.
• Winter, Walter (2004). Winter Time: Memoirs of a German Sinto who survived Auschwitz (Translated and annotated by Struan Robertson). Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press ISBN 978-1-902806-38-9.

ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ

• Historical Amnesia: The Romani Holocaust—Desicritics
• Extensive online resource on the Holocaust of the Romanies from Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project: "Forget You Not"
• Non-Jewish Victims of Persecution in Germany—About the Holocaust, Yad Vashem
• Histories, Narratives and Documents of the Roma and Sinti (Gypsies), Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, University of Minnesota
• Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma (German) (English)
• A Brief Romani Holocaust Chronology
• Roma-Sinti Genocide (Parajmos) Resources, Prevent Genocide International
• Memorial of Poraimos (Romani)
• – a project by Yahad – In Unum and Roma Dignity
• Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism (Symposium Proceedings), PDF, 98 р.
• Persecution and resistance of Gypsies under Nationalsocialism (in German)
• Gypsies: A Persecuted Race
• A People Uncounted. The Untold Story of the Roma. Dir. Aaron Yeger. 2011. Film.