"കാറ്റലൻ ഭാഷ" എന്ന താളിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസം
Drajay1976 (സംവാദം | സംഭാവനകൾ) No edit summary |
Drajay1976 (സംവാദം | സംഭാവനകൾ) |
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വരി 51: | വരി 51: | ||
==അവലംബം== |
==അവലംബം== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==ഗ്രന്ഥസൂചി== |
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* {{citation|author=Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua|date=9 February 2005|title=Dictamen sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominació i l'entitat del valencià|language=Catalan|url=http://ca.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictamen_sobre_els_principis_i_criteris_per_a_la_defensa_de_la_denominaci%C3%B3_i_l%27entitat_del_valenci%C3%A0#Dictamen|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Carbonell|first=Joan F.|last2=Llisterri|first2=Joaquim|year=1999|chapter=Catalan|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=61–65|isbn=0-521-63751-1|ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Feldhausen|first=Ingo|title=Sentential Form and Prosodic Structure of Catalan|year=2010|publisher=John Benjamins B.V.|isbn=978 90 272 5551 8|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=oVQzAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ca#v=onepage&q&f=false|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book| last=García Venero|first=Maximiano| title=Historia del nacionalismo catalán: 2a edición| url=http://books.google.com/?id=nUABAAAAMAAJ| accessdate=2010-04-25| date=2006-07-07| publisher=Ed. Nacional |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Lledó|first=Miquel Àngel|title=Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity : The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (Volume 2)|year=2011|publisher=Oxford Univesity Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-539245-6|pages=336–348|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=oUydX_3rG0AC&pg=PA337&dq=IEC+AVL+catalan&hl=ca&sa=X&ei=sJA9UoKsJ8aq4ATsiIDIAw&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=IEC%20AVL%20catalan&f=false|chapter=26. The Independent Standardization of Valencia: From Official Use to Underground Resistance|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Lloret|first=Maria-Rosa|editor-last=Auger|editor-first=Julie|editor2-last=Clements|editor2-first=J. Clancy|editor3-last=Vance|editor3-first=Barbara|year=2003|chapter=The Phonological Role of Paradigms: The Case of Insular Catalan|title=Contemporary Approaches to Romance Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 33rd Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages|place=Bloomington, Indiana|date=April 2003|page=278|place=Amsterdam & Philadelphia|publisher=John Benjamins|doi=10.1353/lan.2007.0098|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Marfany|first=Marta|title=Els menorquins d'Algèria|year=2002|publisher=Abadia de Montserrat|location=Barcelona|isbn=84-8415-366-5|language=Catalan}} |
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*{{cite book|last1=Melchor|first1=Vicent de|last2=Branchadell|first2=Albert|title=El catalán: una lengua de Europa para compartir|year=2002|publisher=Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona|location=Bellaterra|isbn=84-490-2299-1|page=71|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=HpKVwFYoxGgC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ca&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|language=Spanish|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Moll|first=Francesc de B.|title=Gramàtica Històrica Catalana|year=1958|publisher=Universitat de València|isbn=978-84-370-6412-3 |edition=Catalan translation made in 1991. Reprinted in 2006|page=47|language=Catalan (original in Spanish)|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Moran|first=Josep|title=Treballs de lingüística històrica catalana|year=1994|publisher=Publicacions de l'Abadia de Monsterrat|location=Barcelona|isbn=84-7826-568-6|pages=55–93|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=RXqT88QcKjUC&pg=PA38&dq=greuges+guitard+isarn&hl=ca&sa=X&ei=LLU2UsG5BoHatAaZ5IHoCw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=greuges%20guitard%20isarn&f=false|language=Catalan|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Moran|first=Josep|title=Estudis d'història de la llengua catalana|year=2004|publisher=Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat|location=Barcelona|isbn=84-8415-672-9|pages=37–38|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=RXqT88QcKjUC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ca#v=onepage&q&f=false|language=Catalan|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Padgett|first=Jaye|year=2003|title=Systemic Contrast and Catalan Rhotics|place=University of California, Santa Cruzp=2|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Recasens|first=Daniel|year=1993|chapter=Fonètica i Fonologia|title=Enciclopèdia Catalana|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Recasens|first=Daniel|last2=Fontdevila|first2=Jordi|last3=Pallarès|first2=Maria Dolores|year=1995|title=Velarization Degree and Coarticulatory Resistance for /l/ in Catalan and German|journal=Journal of Phonetics|volume=23|issue=1|page=288|doi=10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80031-X|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Recasens|first=Daniel|year=1996|title=Fonètica descriptiva del català: assaig de caracterització de la pronúncia del vocalisme i el consonantisme català al segle XX|edition=2nd|place=Barcelona|publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans|isbn=9788472833128|pages=75–76,128–129|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Recasens|first=Daniel|last2=Pallarès|first2=Maria Dolors|year=2001|title=De la fonètica a la fonologia: les consonants i assimilacions consonàntiques del català|publisher=Editorial Ariel|place=Barcelona|isbn=978-84-344-2884-3|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Recasens|first=Daniel|last2=Espinosa|first2=Aina|year=2005|title=Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two Catalan dialects|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=35|issue=1|pages=1, 20|doi=10.1017/S0025100305001878|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Recasens|first=Daniel|last2=Espinosa|first2=Aina|year=2007|title=An Electropalatographic and Acoustic Study of Affricates and Fricatives in Two Catalan Dialects|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=37|issue=2|page=145|doi=10.1017/S0025100306002829|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Riquer|first=Martí de|title=Història de la Literatura Catalana|year=1964|publisher=Ariel|location=Barcelona|language=Catalan|chapter=Vol.1|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Schlösser|first=Rainer|title=Die romanischen Sprachen|year=2005|publisher=C.H. Beck|location=Munich|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Swan|first=Michael|title=Learner English: A Teacher's Guide to Interference and Other Problems, Volume 1|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=6UIuWj9fQfQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ca#v=onepage&q&f=false|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Thomas|first=Earl W.|year=1962|pages=43–8|title=The Resurgence of Catalan|journal=Hispania|volume=45|issue=1|DOI=10.2307/337523|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Max|last2=Yates|first2=Alan|last3=Dols|first3=Nicolau|year=1999|title=Catalan: A Comprehensive Grammar|place=London|publisher=Routledge.|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Max|title=The Romance Languages |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=0-415-16417-6|pages=170–208|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=lULWOT1o0SsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ca#v=onepage&q&f=false|chapter=5. Catalan}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Max|year=2005|title=The Phonology Of Catalan|place=Oxford|page=54|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-925814-7|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Max|year=2006|title=Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics|ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Max|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-08-087774-7|pages=188–192|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ca#v=onepage&q&f=false|chapter=Catalan|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Veny|first=Joan|title=Homenatge a Arthur Terry|year=1997|publisher=Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat|location=Barcelona|isbn=84-7826-894-4|pages=9–18|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=OMaXD1caTiEC&pg=PA17&dq=greuges+guitard+isarn&hl=ca&sa=X&ei=LLU2UsG5BoHatAaZ5IHoCw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=greuges%20guitard%20isarn&f=false|chapter=greuges de Guitard isarn, Senyor de Caboet (1080-1095)|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Veny|first=Joan|year=2007|title=Petit Atles lingüístic del domini català|volume=1 & 2|place=Barcelona|publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans|page=51|isbn=978-84-7283-942-7|ref=harv}} |
09:29, 14 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2014-നു നിലവിലുണ്ടായിരുന്ന രൂപം
Catalan | |||
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català | |||
ഉച്ചാരണം | [kətəˈɫa] (EC) ~ [kataˈɫa] (WC) | ||
ഉത്ഭവിച്ച ദേശം | അൻഡോറ, ഫ്രാൻസ്, ഇറ്റലി, സ്പെയിൻ | ||
ഭൂപ്രദേശം | കറ്റാലൻ രാജ്യങ്ങൾ കാണുക | ||
സംസാരിക്കുന്ന നരവംശം | കറ്റാലൻ ജനത | ||
മാതൃഭാഷയായി സംസാരിക്കുന്നവർ | 7.2 ദശലക്ഷം (2011)[1] 11 ദശലക്ഷം | ||
ഇന്തോ-യൂറോപ്യൻ
| |||
പൂർവ്വികരൂപം | |||
| കറ്റാലൻ (ഐ.ഇ.സി. നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നു)
| ||
ലാറ്റിൻ ലിപി (കറ്റാലൻ അക്ഷരമാല) കറ്റാലൻ ബ്രെയിൽ | |||
കറ്റാലൻ ആംഗ്യഭാഷ | |||
ഔദ്യോഗിക സ്ഥിതി | |||
ഔദ്യോഗിക പദവി | ലാറ്റിൻ യൂണിയൻ | ||
Recognised minority language in | France
| ||
Regulated by | ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ഡെ'എസ്റ്റഡീസ് കറ്റാലൻസ് അക്കാഡെമിയ വലെൻസിയാന ഡെ ലാ ലെൻഗ്വ | ||
ഭാഷാ കോഡുകൾ | |||
ISO 639-1 | ca | ||
ISO 639-2 | cat | ||
ISO 639-3 | cat | ||
ഗ്ലോട്ടോലോഗ് | stan1289 [3] | ||
Linguasphere | 51-AAA-e | ||
കറ്റാലൻ ഭാഷ |
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Overview |
Dialects |
Grammar |
Organizations |
വടക്കുകിഴക്കൻ സ്പെയിനിലും ഇതിനോടു ചേർന്നുള്ള ഫ്രാൻസിലും വ്യാപിച്ചുകിടക്കുന്ന കാറ്റലോണിയ പ്രദേശത്ത് ഉദ്ഭവിച്ച ഒരു റോമാൻസ് ഭാഷയാണ് കറ്റാലൻ (/ˈkætəlæn/;[4] ഓട്ടോണിം: català [kətəˈɫa] അല്ലെങ്കിൽ [kataˈɫa]). അൻഡോറയിലെ ദേശീയഭാഷയും ഏക ഔദ്യോഗികഭാഷയുമാണിത്.[5] സ്പാനിഷ് സ്വയംഭരണാധികാരമുള്ള സമൂഹങ്ങളായ കാറ്റലോണിയ, ബാലെറിക് ദ്വീപുകൾ, വാലെൻസിയൻ സമൂഹം (ഇവിടെ വാലെൻസിയൻ എന്നാണ് ഈ ഭാഷ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്) എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലും ഈ ഭാഷയ്ക്ക് സഹ ഔദ്യോഗികപദവിയുണ്ട്. സാർഡീനിയ എന്ന ഇറ്റാലിയൻ ദ്വീപിലെ അൽഘെറോ നഗരത്തിൽ ഇതിന് പൂർണ്ണ ഔദ്യോഗികപദവിയില്ല. അറഗോൺ, മുർസിയ എന്നീ സ്പാനിഷ് സ്വയംഭരണ സമൂഹങ്ങളിലും ഫ്രഞ്ച് പ്രദേശമായ റൗസില്ലോൺ/വടക്കൻ കാറ്റലോണിയ എന്ന സ്ഥലത്തും ഈ ഭാഷ സംസാരിക്കുന്നുണ്ടെങ്കിലും ഔദ്യോഗികപദവിയില്ല.[6]
ഒൻപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ വൾഗാർ ലാറ്റിനിൽ നിന്നാണ് കിഴക്കൻ പൈറന്നീസ് പ്രദേശത്ത് ഈ ഭാഷ ഉരുത്തിരിഞ്ഞുണ്ടായത്.[7] സ്പെയിൻ ജനാധിപത്യ രാജ്യമായതോടെ (1975–1982) കാറ്റലൻ ഭാഷയ്ക്ക് ഔദ്യോഗിക സ്ഥാനം ലഭിച്ചു. വിദ്യാഭ്യാസത്തിനും മാദ്ധ്യമങ്ങളിലും ഇപ്പോൾ ഈ ഭാഷ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്.[8]
അവലംബം
- ↑ Catalan reference at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Some Iberian scholars may alternatively classify Catalan as Ibero-Romance/East Iberian.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Standard Catalan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
{{cite book}}
: External link in
(help); Unknown parameter|chapterurl=
|chapterurl=
ignored (|chapter-url=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh; also /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/[1]
- ↑ Wheeler 2010, പുറം. 191.
- ↑ Wheeler 2005, പുറം. 1.
- ↑ Costa Carreras & Yates, പുറങ്ങൾ. 6–7.
- ↑ Wheeler 2003, പുറം. 207.
ഗ്രന്ഥസൂചി
- Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (9 February 2005), Dictamen sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominació i l'entitat del valencià (in Catalan)
{{citation}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Bonet, Eulàlia; Mascaró, Joan (1997). "On the Representation of Contrasting Rhotics". In Martínez-Gil, Fernando; Morales-Front, Alfonso (eds.). Issues in the Phonology and Morphology of the Major Iberian Languages. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-647-0.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Missing|editor2=
(help) - Burke, Ulrik Ralph (1900). A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic. Longmans, Green, and co. p. 154.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992). "Catalan". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 22 (1–2): 53. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1999). "Catalan". Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1999). "Catalan". Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 61–65. ISBN 0-521-63751-1.
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(help) - Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers. 1991. ISBN 0-00-433286-5.
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(help) - Colón, Germà (1993). El lèxic català dins la Romània. Biblioteca Lingüística Catalana. Valencia: Universitat de València. ISBN 84-370-1327-5.
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(help) - Costa Carreras, Joan; Yates, Alan (2009). The Architect of Modern Catalan: Selected Writings/Pompeu Fabra (1868–1948). Instutut d'Estudis Catalans & Universitat Pompeu Fabra & Jonh Benjamins B.V. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978 90 272 3264 9.
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(help) - Fabra, Pompeu (1926). Gramàtica Catalana (in Catalan) (4th ed.). Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans.
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Feldhausen, Ingo (2010). Sentential Form and Prosodic Structure of Catalan. John Benjamins B.V. ISBN 978 90 272 5551 8.
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(help) - Ferrater; et al. (1973). "Català". Enciclpèdia Catalana Volum 4 (in Catalan) (1977, corrected ed.). Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana. pp. 628–639. ISBN 84-85-194-04-7.
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2001). Diccionario Akal del color (in Spanish). Akal. ISBN 978-84-460-1083-8.
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - García Venero, Maximiano (2006-07-07). Historia del nacionalismo catalán: 2a edición. Ed. Nacional. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
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(help) - Gove, Philip Babcock, ed. (1993). Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, inc. ISBN 3-8290-5292-8.
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(help) - Guinot, Enric (1999). Els fundadors del Regne de València: replobament, antroponímia i llengua a la València medieval. Valencia: Tres i Quatre. ISBN 8475025919.
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(help) - Hualde, José (1992). Catalan. Routledge. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-415-05498-0.
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(help) - Jud, Jakob (1925). Problèmes de géographie linguistique romane (in French). Paris: Revue de Linguistique Romane. pp. 181–182.
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Koryakov, Yuri (2001). Atlas of Romance languages. Moscow.
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(help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Lledó, Miquel Àngel (2011). "26. The Independent Standardization of Valencia: From Official Use to Underground Resistance". Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity : The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (Volume 2). New York: Oxford Univesity Press. pp. 336–348. ISBN 978-0-19-539245-6.
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(help) - Lloret, Maria-Rosa (April 2003). Auger, Julie; Clements, J. Clancy; Vance, Barbara (eds.). "Contemporary Approaches to Romance Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 33rd Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages". Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins: 278. doi:10.1353/lan.2007.0098.
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(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Marfany, Marta (2002). Els menorquins d'Algèria (in Catalan). Barcelona: Abadia de Montserrat. ISBN 84-8415-366-5.
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: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Melchor, Vicent de; Branchadell, Albert (2002). El catalán: una lengua de Europa para compartir (in Spanish). Bellaterra: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. p. 71. ISBN 84-490-2299-1.
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Moll, Francesc de B. (1958). Gramàtica Històrica Catalana (in Catalan (original in Spanish)) (Catalan translation made in 1991. Reprinted in 2006 ed.). Universitat de València. p. 47. ISBN 978-84-370-6412-3.
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Moran, Josep (1994). Treballs de lingüística històrica catalana (in Catalan). Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Monsterrat. pp. 55–93. ISBN 84-7826-568-6.
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Moran, Josep (2004). Estudis d'història de la llengua catalana (in Catalan). Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat. pp. 37–38. ISBN 84-8415-672-9.
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Padgett, Jaye (2003). Systemic Contrast and Catalan Rhotics. University of California, Santa Cruzp=2.
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(help)CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Recasens, Daniel (1993). "Fonètica i Fonologia". Enciclopèdia Catalana.
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(help) - Recasens, Daniel; Fontdevila, Maria Dolores; Pallarès (1995). "Velarization Degree and Coarticulatory Resistance for /l/ in Catalan and German". Journal of Phonetics. 23 (1): 288. doi:10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80031-X.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - Recasens, Daniel (1996). Fonètica descriptiva del català: assaig de caracterització de la pronúncia del vocalisme i el consonantisme català al segle XX (2nd ed.). Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. pp. 75–76, 128–129. ISBN 9788472833128.
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(help) - Recasens, Daniel; Pallarès, Maria Dolors (2001). De la fonètica a la fonologia: les consonants i assimilacions consonàntiques del català. Barcelona: Editorial Ariel. ISBN 978-84-344-2884-3.
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(help) - Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina (2005). "Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two Catalan dialects". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 35 (1): 1, 20. doi:10.1017/S0025100305001878.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina (2007). "An Electropalatographic and Acoustic Study of Affricates and Fricatives in Two Catalan Dialects". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 37 (2): 145. doi:10.1017/S0025100306002829.
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(help) - Riquer, Martí de (1964). "Vol.1". Història de la Literatura Catalana (in Catalan). Barcelona: Ariel.
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Schlösser, Rainer (2005). Die romanischen Sprachen. Munich: C.H. Beck.
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(help) - Swan, Michael (2001). Learner English: A Teacher's Guide to Interference and Other Problems, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press.
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(help) - Thomas, Earl W. (1962). "The Resurgence of Catalan". Hispania. 45 (1): 43–8. doi:10.2307/337523.
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(help) - Wheeler, Max; Yates, Alan; Dols, Nicolau (1999). Catalan: A Comprehensive Grammar. London: Routledge.
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(help) - Wheeler, Max (2003). "5. Catalan". The Romance Languages. London: Routledge. pp. 170–208. ISBN 0-415-16417-6.
- Wheeler, Max (2005). The Phonology Of Catalan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-19-925814-7.
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(help) - Wheeler, Max (2006). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics.
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(help) - Wheeler, Max (2010). "Catalan". Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 188–192. ISBN 978-0-08-087774-7.
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(help) - Veny, Joan (1997). "greuges de Guitard isarn, Senyor de Caboet (1080-1095)". Homenatge a Arthur Terry. Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat. pp. 9–18. ISBN 84-7826-894-4.
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(help) - Veny, Joan (2007). Petit Atles lingüístic del domini català. Vol. 1 & 2. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. p. 51. ISBN 978-84-7283-942-7.
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