സുപ്പീരിയർ തടാകം
ദൃശ്യരൂപം
സുപ്പീരിയർ തടാകം | |
---|---|
സ്ഥാനം | വടക്കേ അമേരിക്ക |
ഗ്രൂപ്പ് | മഹാതടാകങ്ങൾ |
നിർദ്ദേശാങ്കങ്ങൾ | 47°42′N 87°30′W / 47.7°N 87.5°W |
Type | Glacial |
പ്രാഥമിക അന്തർപ്രവാഹം | Nipigon, St. Louis, Pigeon, Pic, White, Michipicoten, Kaministiquia Rivers |
Primary outflows | St. Marys River |
Catchment area | 49,300 sq mi (127,700 km2) |
Basin countries | യു.എസ്.എ. കാനഡ |
പരമാവധി നീളം | 350 mi (560 km) |
പരമാവധി വീതി | 160 mi (260 km) |
ഉപരിതല വിസ്തീർണ്ണം | 31,700 sq mi (82,100 km2) |
ശരാശരി ആഴം | 483 ft (147 m)[1] |
പരമാവധി ആഴം | 1,332 ft (406 m)[1][2] |
Water volume | 2,900 cu mi (12,000 km3)[1] |
Residence time | 191 years |
തീരത്തിന്റെ നീളം1 | 2,726 mi (4,387 km)[1] |
ഉപരിതല ഉയരം | 601 ft (183 m) (2012 average)[3] |
ദ്വീപുകൾ | Isle Royale, Apostle Islands, Michipicoten Island, Slate Islands |
അധിവാസ സ്ഥലങ്ങൾ | Thunder Bay, Ontario Duluth, Minnesota Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario Marquette, Michigan Superior, Wisconsin Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan |
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. |
ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും വലിയ രണ്ടാമത്തെ തടാകമാണ് സുപ്പീരിയർ തടാകം. യു.എസ്.-കാനഡ അതിർത്തിയിലാണ് ഇത് സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നത്. പ്രതല വിസ്തീർണ്ണത്തിന്റെ കാര്യത്തിൽ ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും വലുതാണിത്.
ചിത്ര ജാലകം
[തിരുത്തുക]-
Lake Superior shoreline from Madeline Island in the Apostles
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Sunrise on Lake Superior from Washburn, Wisconsin
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Lake Superior coast from Copper Harbor, Michigan
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Sunset from northern shore of Lake Superior
അവലംബം
[തിരുത്തുക]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Great Lakes: Basic Information: Physical Facts". U.S. Government. May 25, 2011. Retrieved 19:05, Wednesday November 9, 2011 (UTC).
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ↑ Wright, John W. (ed.) (2006). The New York Times Almanac (2007 ed.). New York, New York: Penguin Books. p. 64. ISBN 0-14-303820-6.
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has generic name (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Great Lakes Water Levels Archived 2013-04-18 at the Wayback Machine., published by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The link also has daily elevations for the current month.
അധിക വായനയ്ക്ക്
[തിരുത്തുക]- Burt, Williams A., and Hubbard, Bela Reports on the Mineral Region of Lake Superior (Buffalo: L. Danforth, 1846), 113 pages.
- Grady, Wayne. The Great Lakes: The Natural History of a Changing Region.Greystone Books, D&M Publishers INC, 2007
- Hyde, Charles K., and Ann and John Mahan. The Northern Lights: Lighthouses of the Upper Great Lakes. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8143-2554-8 ISBN 9780814325544.
- Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) ISBN 0-932212-98-0.
- Penrod, John, Lighthouses of Michigan, (Berrien Center, Michigan: Penrod/Hiawatha, 1998) ISBN 978-0-942618-78-5 ISBN 9781893624238
- Penrose, Laurie and Bill, A Traveler’s Guide to 116 Michigan Lighthouses (Petoskey, Michigan: Friede Publications, 1999). ISBN 0-923756-03-5 ISBN 9780923756031
- Sims, P.K. and L.M.H. Carter, eds. Archean and Proterozoic Geology of the Lake Superior Region, U.S.A., 1993 [U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1556]. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.
- Splake, T. Kilgore. Superior Land Lights. Battle Creek, MI: Angst Productions, 1984
- Stonehouse, Frederick. Marquette Shipwrecks. Marquette, MI: Harboridge Press, 1974
- Wagner, John L., Michigan Lighthouses: An Aerial Photographic Perspective, (East Lansing, Michigan: John L. Wagner, 1998) ISBN 1-880311-01-1 ISBN 9781880311011
- Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) ISBN 1-55046-399-3
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. "Record Low Water Levels Expected on Lake Superior Archived 2008-10-15 at the Wayback Machine.." August 2007
- Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. "Great Lakes Sensitivity to Climatic Forcing: Hydrological Models Archived 2010-08-08 at the Wayback Machine.." NOAA, 2006
- Shipwrecks
- "America"; Houghton, Michigan; Houghton Mining Gazette; Vol. 29; June 8, 1928
- Stonehouse, Frederick; Isle Royale Shipwrecks; Marquette, Michigan; Arery Color Studios; 1977
- "Cumberland" & "Wreck of Sidewheel Steamer Cumberland"; Detroit, Michigan; Detroit Free Press; January 29, 1974
- "S.S.George M. Cox Wrecked"; Houghton, Michigan; Houghton Mining Gazette; May 28, 1933
- Holdon, Thom "Reef of the Three C's"; Duluth, Minnesota; Lake Superior Marine Museum; Vol. 2, #4; July/August 1977
- Holdon, Thom; "Above and Below: Steamer America"; Duluth, Minnesota; Lake Superior Marine Museum; Vol. 3, #3 & #4; May/June & July/August 1978
പുറം കണ്ണികൾ
[തിരുത്തുക]Lake Superior എന്ന വിഷയവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചിത്രങ്ങൾ വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസിലുണ്ട്.
- Lake Superior NOAA nautical chart #14961 online
- International Lake Superior Board of Control Archived 2003-11-21 at the Wayback Machine.
- EPA's Great Lakes Atlas
- EPA's Great Lakes Atlas Factsheet #1
- Great Lakes Coast Watch Archived 2008-05-11 at the Wayback Machine.
- Parks Canada Lake Superior Archived 2006-08-06 at the Wayback Machine.
- Minnesota Sea Grant - Lake Superior Page Archived 2007-08-14 at the Wayback Machine.
- Lake Superior Bathymetry Archived 2009-01-16 at the Wayback Machine.