വിക്കിപീഡിയ:IPA for Mandarin

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Mandarin Chinese pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Mandarin phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Mandarin. Please note that English equivalents given in this page may only represent very approximate sounds to the original pronunciations.

Consonants IPA Pinyin Bopomofo English approximation [ɕ] x ㄒ she [f] f ㄈ fan [j] y-, -i- ㄧ you [k] g ㄍ scan kʰ k ㄎ can [l] l ㄌ leaf [m] m ㄇ moon [n] n-, -n ㄋ, ㄣ noon [ŋ] -ng ㄥ song [p] b ㄅ span pʰ p ㄆ pan [ɻ] -r ㄦ aria (ends syllable) [s] s ㄙ see [ʂ] sh ㄕ sure [d] d ㄉ dog tʰ t ㄊ tan [tɕ] j ㄐ itchy tɕʰ q ㄑ cheer [ts] z ㄗ cats tsʰ c ㄘ tsunami [tʂ] zh ㄓ pitcher tʂʰ ch ㄔ church [w] w-, -u- ㄨ water [x] h ㄏ house or loch [ɥ] yu-, -ü- ㄩ (simultaneous y and w) [ʐ] r- ㄖ Zsa Zsa (starts syllable)

Vowels IPA Pinyin Bopomofo English approximation [a] a (a, an) ㄚ, ㄢ Somewhat like car aɪ ai ㄞ time [ɑ] a (ang), e (er) ㄤ, ㄦ car ɑʊ ao ㄠ how eɪ ei ㄟ hey [ɛ] e (ye), a (yan, yuan) ㄝ,ㄧㄢ , ㄩㄢ yes [œ] e (yue) ㄩㄝ No English equivalent; Rounded [ɛ] [ə] e (en, eng) ㄣ, ㄥ about [ɤ] e ㄜ Somewhat like hood [i] yi/-i (yi, yin, ying) ㄧ see ɨ i (si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri) (buzzing) ㄭ oʊ ou ㄡ hoe [ɔ] o (wo) ㄛ war [u] wu/-u ㄨ woo [ʊ] o (ong) ㄨㄥ hood [y] yu/-ü (yu, yun) ㄩ Somewhat like cute Nasal ɑ̃ ang (angr) No English equivalent; nasal [ɑ] ə̃ eng (engr) No English equivalent; nasal [ə] ʊ̃ ong (ongr) No English equivalent. Nasal [ʊ] IPA Pinyin Description Tones ǎ ɤ̌ á, é mid rising: ˧˥ â ɤ̂ à, è high falling: ˥˩ á ɤ́ ā, ē high: ˥ à, ɤ̀ ǎ, ě medially, low: ˩ initially, mid falling: ˧˩ finally, low rising: ˩˧ in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧ a, ɤ a, e "toneless": low after a falling tone [â]; mid after all other tones