വിർച്വൽ ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ അതോറിറ്റി ഫയൽ

Virtual International Authority File
	Screenshot 2012
ചുരുക്കം	VIAF
തുടങ്ങിയത്	ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 6, 2003
നിയന്ത്രിയ്ക്കുന്ന സംഘടന	OCLC
ഉദാഹരണം	106965171

ഒരു അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര അതോറിറ്റി ഫയൽ ആണ് വിർച്വൽ ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ അതോറിറ്റി ഫയൽ (Virtual International Authority File) (VIAF). പല ദേശീയ ലൈബ്രരികളുടെയും ഒരു കൂട്ടായസംരംഭമാണ് ഇത്. ഓൺലൈൻ കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ലൈബ്രറി സെന്റർ (OCLC) ആണ് ഇത് കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്യുന്നത്.^[1]

ചരിത്രം[തിരുത്തുക]

1990 -കളുടെ അവസാനമാണ് പൊതുവായൊരു അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര അതോറിറ്റി കണ്ട്രോളിനെപ്പറ്റിയുള്ള ചർച്ച തുടങ്ങുന്നത്. ഒരു ഏക അതോറിറ്റിക്കായുള്ള ചർച്ചകൾ ഫലം കാണാത്തതിനെത്തുടർന്ന് നിലവിലുള്ള പല ദേശീയ ലൈബ്രറികളെയും പണവും സമയവും ലാഭിക്കാനായി എല്ലാം കൂടി ഒരുമിച്ചു ലഭ്യമാകുന്ന രീതിയിൽ തമ്മിൽ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു.^[2]

The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress (LC), the German National Library (DNB) and the OCLC on August 6, 2003. The Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) joined the project on October 5, 2007.

The project transitioned to being a service of the OCLC on April 4, 2012.^[3]

The aim is to link the national authority files (such as the German Name Authority File) to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together. A VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary "see" and "see also" records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are made available online and are available for research and data exchange and sharing. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) protocol.

The file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata.^[4]^[5]

VIAF ക്ലസ്റ്ററുകൾ[തിരുത്തുക]

VIAF's clustering algorithm is run every month. As more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records.^[6]

പങ്കെടുക്കുന്ന ലൈബ്രറികളും സംഘടനകളും[തിരുത്തുക]

English Wikipedia entry name	Identifier	Native-language name	Location	Country
Bibliotheca Alexandrina	EGAXA	അറബി: مكتبة الإسكندرية‬	Alexandria	Egypt
Biblioteca Nacional de Chile	BNCHL	Spanish: Biblioteca Nacional de Chile	Santiago	Chile
Biblioteca Nacional de España	BNE	Spanish: Biblioteca Nacional de España	Madrid	Spain
Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal	PTBNP	പോർച്ചുഗീസ്: Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal	Lisbon	Portugal
Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec	B2Q	French: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec	Quebec	Canada
Bibliothèque nationale de France	BnF	French: Bibliothèque nationale de France	Paris	France
Bibliothèque Nationale du Royaume du Maroc (BNRM)	MRBNR	അറബി: المكتبة الوطنية للمملكة المغربية‬ French: Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc	Rabat	Morocco
Biografisch Portaal	BPN	ഡച്ച്: Biografisch Portaal	The Hague	Netherlands
British Library		–	London	England
Danish Agency for Culture and Palaces		Danish: Kulturstyrelsen	Copenhagen	Denmark
Danish Bibliographic Centre	DBC	Danish: Dansk BiblioteksCenter	Ballerup	Denmark
German National Library (DNB)	GND	ജർമ്മൻ: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek	Frankfurt	Germany
International Standard Name Identifier^[7]	ISNI	–	London	United Kingdom
Israel Museum		ഹീബ്രു: מוזיאון ישראל‎	Jerusalem	Israel
Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico	ICCU SBN	ഇറ്റാലിയൻ: Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico	Rome	Italy
Lebanese National Library	LNL	അറബി: المكتبة الوطنية‬	Beirut	Lebanon
Library and Archives Canada	LAC	French: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada	Ottawa, Ontario	Canada
Library of Congress NACO consortium (Name Authority Cooperative Program)^[8]	LCCN	–	Washington, D.C.	United States
National and University Library in Zagreb	NSK	Croatian: Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu	Zagreb	Croatia
National and University Library of Slovenia		Slovene: Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica	Ljubljana	Slovenia
National Central Library	NCL CYT	ചൈനീസ്: 國家圖書館	Taipei	Taiwan
National Diet Library	NDL	ജാപ്പനീസ്: 国立国会図書館	Tokyo Kyoto	Japan
National Institute of Informatics	NII CiNii	ജാപ്പനീസ്: 国立情報学研究所	Tokyo	Japan
National Library Board	NLB	–	–	Singapore
National Library of Australia	NLA	–	Canberra	Australia
National Library of Brazil	BLBNB	പോർച്ചുഗീസ്: Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil
National Library of Catalonia	BNC	Catalan: Biblioteca de Catalunya	Barcelona	Spain
National Library of Estonia	ERRR	Estonian: Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu	Tallinn	Estonia
National and University Library of Iceland (NULI)	UIY	Icelandic: Háskólabókasafn	Reykjavík	Iceland
National Library of Ireland	N6I	Irish: Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann	Dublin	Ireland
National Library of Israel	NLI	ഹീബ്രു: הספרייה הלאומית‎	Jerusalem	Israel
National Library of Korea	KRNLK	Korean: 국립중앙도서관	Seoul	Korea
National Library of Latvia	LNB	Latvian: Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka	Rīga	Latvia
National Library of Luxembourg	BNL	ലക്സംബർഗിഷ്: Nationalbibliothéik Lëtzebuerg French: Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg	Luxembourg City	Luxembourg
National Library of Mexico	BNM	Spanish: Biblioteca Nacional de México	Mexico City	Mexico
National Library of the Netherlands	NTA	ഡച്ച്: Koninklijke Bibliotheek	The Hague	Netherlands
National Library of New Zealand		–	Wellington	New Zealand
National Library of Norway	BIBSYS W2Z	Norwegian: Nasjonalbiblioteket	Trondheim	Norway
National Library of Poland	NLP	Polish: Biblioteka Narodowa	Warsaw	Poland
National Library of Scotland		Scottish Gaelic: Leabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba Scots: Naitional Leebrar o Scotland	Edinburgh	Scotland
National Library of South Africa		Afrikaans: Staats-Bibliotheek der Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek	Cape Town Pretoria	South Africa
National Library of Sweden	SELIBR	Swedish: Kungliga biblioteket - Sveriges nationalbibliotek	Stockholm	Sweden
National Library of Wales		Welsh: Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru	Aberystwyth	Wales
National Library of the Czech Republic	NKC	ചെക്ക്: Národní knihovna České republiky	Prague	Czech Republic
National Széchényi Library	NSZL	Hungarian: Országos Széchényi Könyvtár	Budapest	Hungary
Perseus Project	PERSEUS	–	Medford, Massachusetts	United States
RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)	RERO	ജർമ്മൻ: Westschweizer Bibliothekverbund French: Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale ഇറ്റാലിയൻ: Rete delle bibliotheche della Svizzera occidentale	Martigny	Switzerland
Répertoire International des Sources Musicales	RISM	–	Frankfurt	Germany
Russian State Library	RLS	Russian: Российская государственная библиотека	Moscow	Russia
Système universitaire de documentation	SUDOC	French: Système universitaire de documentation	–	France
Syriac Reference Portal	SRP	–	Nashville, Tennessee	United States
Swiss National Library	SWNL	ജർമ്മൻ: Schweizerische Nationalbibliothek French: Bibliothèque nationale suisse ഇറ്റാലിയൻ: Biblioteca nazionale svizzera Romansh: Biblioteca naziunala svizra	Berne	Switzerland
Narodowy Uniwersalny Katalog Centralny, NUKAT [pl]	NUKAT	Polish: Narodowy Uniwersalny Katalog Centralny	–	Poland
Union List of Artist Names – Getty Research Institute	ULAN JPG	–	Los Angeles, California	United States
United States National Agricultural Library	NALT	–	Beltsville, Maryland	United States
United States National Library of Medicine		–	Bethesda, Maryland	United States
Vatican Library	BAV	ലത്തീൻ: Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana	–	Vatican City
Vlaamse openbare bibliotheken (VLACC): Bibnet [nl]	VLACC	ഡച്ച്: Vlaamse Centrale Catalogus	Brussels	Belgium
Wikidata	WKP	–	Berlin, Germany	International

Libraries added for testing purposes[തിരുത്തുക]

English Wikipedia entry name	Identifier	Native-language name	Location	Country
Lithuanian National Library	LIH	Lithuanian: Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka	Vilnius	Lithuania
National and University Library of Slovenia / COBISS	SIMACOB	Slovene: Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, NUK	Ljubljana	Slovenia

ഇവയും കാണുക[തിരുത്തുക]

അവലംബം[തിരുത്തുക]

↑ Kelley, Michael; Schwartz, Meredith (2012). "VIAF service transitions to OCLC". Library Journal. Media Source Inc. 137 (8): 16.
↑ O'Neill, Edward T. (12 August 2016). "VIAF: Origins" (Video presentation). Authority Data on the Web, a Satellite Meeting of the 2016 IFLA World Library and Information Congress. OCLC.
↑ Murphy, Bob (4 April 2012). "Virtual International Authority File service transitions to OCLC; contributing institutions continue to shape direction through VIAF Council" (Press release). OCLC (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). Dublin, OH.
↑ Klein, Max; Renspie, Melissa (7 December 2012). "VIAFbot Edits 250,000 Wikipedia Articles to Reciprocate All Links from VIAF into Wikipedia". OCLC.
↑ Klein, Maximilian; Kyrios, Alex (14 October 2013). "VIAFbot and the Integration of Library Data on Wikipedia". The Code4Lib Journal (22). ISSN 1940-5758.
↑ Hickey, Thomas B.; Toves, Jenny A. (July 2014). "Managing Ambiguity In VIAF". D-Lib Magazine. Corporation for National Research Initiatives. 20 (7/8). doi:10.1045/july2014-hickey.
↑ MacEwan, Andrew (12 August 2016). "ISNI and VIAF" (Video presentation). Authority Data on the Web, a Satellite Meeting of the 2016 IFLA World Library and Information Congress. OCLC.
↑ "NACO - Name Authority Cooperative Program". Library of Congress.

പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ[തിരുത്തുക]

No URL found. Please specify a URL here or add one to Wikidata.
VIAF at OCLC

[LibraryJournal-VIAFtoOCLC-1] Kelley, Michael; Schwartz, Meredith (2012). "VIAF service transitions to OCLC". Library Journal. Media Source Inc. 137 (8): 16.

[IFLA-VIAF-Origins-2016-2] O'Neill, Edward T. (12 August 2016). "VIAF: Origins" (Video presentation). Authority Data on the Web, a Satellite Meeting of the 2016 IFLA World Library and Information Congress. OCLC.

[OCLC-VIAF-Service-2012-3] Murphy, Bob (4 April 2012). "Virtual International Authority File service transitions to OCLC; contributing institutions continue to shape direction through VIAF Council" (Press release). OCLC (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). Dublin, OH.

[OCLC-VIAFbot-2012-4] Klein, Max; Renspie, Melissa (7 December 2012). "VIAFbot Edits 250,000 Wikipedia Articles to Reciprocate All Links from VIAF into Wikipedia". OCLC.

[Code4Lib-VIAFbot-2013-5] Klein, Maximilian; Kyrios, Alex (14 October 2013). "VIAFbot and the Integration of Library Data on Wikipedia". The Code4Lib Journal (22). ISSN 1940-5758.

[DLib-VIAF-Ambiguity-2014-6] Hickey, Thomas B.; Toves, Jenny A. (July 2014). "Managing Ambiguity In VIAF". D-Lib Magazine. Corporation for National Research Initiatives. 20 (7/8). doi:10.1045/july2014-hickey.

[IFLA-ISNI-2016-7] MacEwan, Andrew (12 August 2016). "ISNI and VIAF" (Video presentation). Authority Data on the Web, a Satellite Meeting of the 2016 IFLA World Library and Information Congress. OCLC.

[LibraryOfCongress-NACO-8] "NACO - Name Authority Cooperative Program". Library of Congress.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]