ഫലകം:Infobox copper
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Native copper (~4 cm in size) | ||||||||||||||||
Copper | ||||||||||||||||
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Appearance | metallic bronze | |||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Cu) | 63.546(3)[1] | |||||||||||||||
Copper in the periodic table | ||||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 29 | |||||||||||||||
Group | group 11 | |||||||||||||||
Period | period 4 | |||||||||||||||
Block | d-block | |||||||||||||||
Element category | Transition metal | |||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 | |||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 1 | |||||||||||||||
Physical properties | ||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | solid | |||||||||||||||
Melting point | 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F) | |||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F) | |||||||||||||||
Density (near r.t.) | 8.96 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 8.02 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 13.26 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 300.4 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 24.440 J/(mol·K) | |||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | ||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −2, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | |||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.90 | |||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 135 pm calculated: 145 pm | |||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 138 pm | |||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 140 pm | |||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of copper | ||||||||||||||||
Other properties | ||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | |||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) | |||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | (annealed) 3810 m/s (at r.t.) | |||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | 16.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) | |||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 401 W/(m·K) | |||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | 16.78 n Ω·m (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic | |||||||||||||||
Young's modulus | 110 - 128 GPa | |||||||||||||||
Shear modulus | 48 GPa | |||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | 140 GPa | |||||||||||||||
Poisson ratio | 0.34 | |||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | 3.0 | |||||||||||||||
Vickers hardness | 369 MPa | |||||||||||||||
Brinell hardness | 874 MPa | |||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-50-8 | |||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of copper | ||||||||||||||||
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Cu data m.p. cat
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in | calc from C | diff | report | ref | |
C | 1084.62 | — | — | ||
K | 1357.77 | 1,357.77* | പ്രയോഗരീതിയിൽ പിഴവ്: തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ കഴിയാത്ത വിരാമചിഹ്നം "," | പ്രയോഗരീതിയിൽ പിഴവ്: അപ്രതീക്ഷിതമായ < ഓപ്പറേറ്റർ | |
F | 1984.32 | 1,984.32* | പ്രയോഗരീതിയിൽ പിഴവ്: തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ കഴിയാത്ത വിരാമചിഹ്നം "," | പ്രയോഗരീതിയിൽ പിഴവ്: അപ്രതീക്ഷിതമായ < ഓപ്പറേറ്റർ | |
WD | 1981 ഫാരൺഹീറ്റ് 1083 സെൽഷ്യസ് ![]() |
[2][3] | |||
input | C: 1084.62, K: 1357.77, F: 1984.32 | ||||
comment |
Cu data b.p. cat
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in | calc from C | diff | report | ref | |
C | 2562 | — | — | ||
K | 2835 | 2,835* | പ്രയോഗരീതിയിൽ പിഴവ്: തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ കഴിയാത്ത വിരാമചിഹ്നം "," | പ്രയോഗരീതിയിൽ പിഴവ്: അപ്രതീക്ഷിതമായ < ഓപ്പറേറ്റർ | |
F | 4643 | 4,644* | പ്രയോഗരീതിയിൽ പിഴവ്: തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ കഴിയാത്ത വിരാമചിഹ്നം "," | പ്രയോഗരീതിയിൽ പിഴവ്: അപ്രതീക്ഷിതമായ < ഓപ്പറേറ്റർ | |
WD | 4703 ഫാരൺഹീറ്റ് 2595 സെൽഷ്യസ് ![]() |
[2][3] | |||
input | C: 2562, K: 2835, F: 4643 | ||||
comment |
- ↑ Meija, J.; മറ്റുള്ളവർക്കൊപ്പം. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. Cite uses deprecated parameter
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(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0150.html.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "COPPER"; വീണ്ടെടുത്ത തിയതി: 14 ജൂൺ 2019.