ഫലകം:IPA-af

Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]

ഫലകത്തിന്റെ വിവരണം

Usage of IPA pronunciation templates

Wikipedia offers several templates for proper display of IPA transcriptions.

IPA font

In general, IPA symbols on a page should be enclosed in the {{IPA}} template, which formats the text in an IPA-producing font. If a substantial portion of a page uses IPA, it is customary to post notice of that fact with {{IPA notice}}, though each token still requires the {{IPA}} template for proper formatting.

If there are not enough occurrences to warrant a notice, then consider a template that links to an IPA key for the first instance of the IPA on a page or section.

English words

For English words, in a broad, non-regional transcription, as when giving the pronunciation of a key word in an article, use {{IPAc-en}}, which links to Help:IPA/English, a chart of the subset of the IPA that is relevant to English, and automates the conversion to IPA, so that {{IPAc-en|'|w|3:r|d}} appears as /ˈwɜːrd/. This provides mouse-over links to the symbols, and is now the preferred template.

For a specific transcription in a regional variety, use {{IPA-endia}} or {{IPA-all}}.

Non-English words

For words that are not assimilated into English, regional pronunciations of English words, and non-standard English dialects, use templates linking to the more general Help:IPA chart, containing all major IPA symbols:

• {{IPA-all}}, appearing as: IPA: [word]. Or:
• For specific languages, there may be dedicated IPA keys for standardized transcription. There are several options for their display. The first cell includes the ISO code of the language; the second is the transcription; the third keys an introductory phrase; and the fourth is space for a sound file. Using the French word eau [o] as an example, we have the default format:
  • {{IPA-fr|o}} → ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഉച്ചാരണം: ​[o]
• Or the word "pronounced" can be used as the introduction:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|pron}} → pronounced [o]
• Language name only:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|lang}} → French: [o]
• "IPA" only:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|IPA}} → IPA: [o]
• Link only:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|}} → [o]
• Any of these may be combined with a sound file:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|lang|Fr-eau.ogg}} → French: [o] (ശ്രവിക്കുക)
• For the default introductory phrase, however, a placeholder such as “-” is required:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|-|Fr-eau.ogg}} → ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഉച്ചാരണം: [o] (ശ്രവിക്കുക)

Supported languages and their templates

Key Language Template(s) Help:IPA/Afrikaans Afrikaans {{IPA-af}} (uses) Help:IPA/Albanian Albanian {{IPA-sq}} (uses) Help:IPA/Alemannic German Alemannic German {{IPA-gsw}} (uses) Colonia Tovar German {{IPA-gct}} (uses) Swabian German {{IPA-swg}} (uses) Walser German {{IPA-wae}} (uses) Help:IPA/Amharic Amharic {{IPA-am}} (uses) Help:IPA/Arabic Arabic {{IPA-ar}} (uses), {{IPAc-ar}} (uses) Help:IPA/Armenian Armenian {{IPA-hy}} (uses) Help:IPA/Assamese Assamese {{IPA-as}} (uses) Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese Asturian {{IPA-ast}} (uses) Extremaduran {{IPA-ext}} (uses) Leonese {{IPA-le}} (uses) Mirandese {{IPA-mwl}} (uses) Help:IPA/Australian languages Australian Aboriginal languages {{IPA-aus}} (uses) Help:IPA/Azerbaijani Azerbaijani {{IPA-az}} (uses) Help:IPA/Basque Basque {{IPA-eu}} (uses) Help:IPA/Belarusian Belarusian {{IPA-be}} (uses) Help:IPA/Bengali Bengali {{IPA-bn}} (uses) Help:IPA/Berber Berber {{IPA-tam}} (uses) Help:IPA/Breton Breton {{IPA-br}} (uses) Help:IPA/Bulgarian and Macedonian Bulgarian {{IPA-bg}} (uses) Macedonian {{IPA-mk}} (uses) Help:IPA/Burmese Burmese {{IPA-my}} (uses) Help:IPA/Cantonese Cantonese {{IPA-yue}} (uses), {{IPAc-yue}} (uses) Help:IPA/Catalan Catalan {{IPA-ca}} (uses) Valencian {{IPA-va}} (uses) Help:IPA/Colognian Colognian {{IPA-ksh}} (uses) Help:IPA/Corsican Corsican {{IPA-co}} (uses) Help:IPA/Czech Czech {{IPA-cs}} (uses) Help:IPA/Danish Danish {{IPA-da}} (uses) Help:IPA/Dutch Dutch {{IPA-nl}} (uses) Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic Egyptian Arabic {{IPA-arz}} (uses) Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol Emilian {{IPA-egl}} (uses) Romagnol {{IPA-rgn}} (uses) Help:IPA/English English {{IPAc-en}} (uses) Help:IPA/Esperanto Esperanto {{IPA-eo}} (uses) Help:IPA/Estonian Estonian {{IPA-et}} (uses) Help:IPA/Fijian Fijian {{IPA-fj}} (uses) Help:IPA/Finnish Finnish {{IPA-fi}} (uses) Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal Franco-Provençal {{IPA-frp}} (uses) Help:IPA/French French {{IPA-fr}} (uses), {{IPAc-fr}} (uses) Help:IPA/Galician Galician {{IPA-gl}} (uses) Help:IPA/Georgian Georgian {{IPA-ka}} (uses), {{IPAc-ka}} (uses) Help:IPA/Greek Greek {{IPA-el}} (uses), {{IPA-grc}} (uses) Help:IPA/Gujarati Gujarati {{IPA-gu}} (uses) Help:IPA/Haitian Creole Haitian Creole {{IPA-ht}} (uses) Help:IPA/Hawaiian Hawaiian {{IPA-haw}} (uses) Help:IPA/Hebrew Hebrew {{IPA-he}} (uses), {{IPAc-he}} (uses) Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic Hejazi Arabic {{IPA-acw}} (uses) Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu Hindustani {{IPA-hns}} (uses) Hindi {{IPA-hi}} (uses) Urdu {{IPA-ur}} (uses) Help:IPA/Hungarian Hungarian {{IPA-hu}} (uses), {{IPAc-hu}} (uses) Help:IPA/Icelandic Icelandic {{IPA-is}} (uses) Help:IPA/Inuktitut Inuktitut {{IPA-iu}} (uses) Help:IPA/Inupiaq Inupiaq {{IPA-ik}} (uses) Help:IPA/Irish Irish {{IPA-ga}} (uses), {{IPAc-ga}} (uses) Help:IPA/Italian Italian {{IPA-it}} (uses), {{IPAc-it}} (uses) Help:IPA/Italian dialects Italian dialects {{IPA-itdia}} (uses) Help:IPA/Japanese Japanese {{IPA-ja}} (uses), {{IPAc-ja}} (uses) Help:IPA/Kazakh Kazakh {{IPA-kk}} (uses) Help:IPA/Khmer Khmer {{IPA-km}} (uses) Help:IPA/Korean Korean {{IPA-ko}} (uses), {{IPAc-ko}} (uses) Help:IPA/Kurdish Kurdish {{IPA-ku}} (uses) Northern Kurdish {{IPA-kmr}} (uses) Central Kurdish {{IPA-ckb}} (uses) Southern Kurdish {{IPA-sdh}} (uses) Help:IPA/Latin Latin {{IPA-la}} (uses) Help:IPA/Latvian Latvian {{IPA-lv}} (uses) Help:IPA/Ligurian Ligurian {{IPA-lij}} (uses) Help:IPA/Lithuanian Lithuanian {{IPA-lt}} (uses) Help:IPA/Lombard Lombard {{IPA-lmo}} (uses) Help:IPA/Luxembourgish Luxembourgish {{IPA-lb}} (uses) Help:IPA/Malagasy Malagasy {{IPA-mg}} (uses) Help:IPA/Malay Malay {{IPA-ms}} (uses) Indonesian {{IPA-id}} (uses) Help:IPA/Malayalam Malayalam {{IPA-ml}} (uses) Help:IPA/Maltese Maltese {{IPA-mt}} (uses) Help:IPA/Mandarin Standard Chinese {{IPA-cmn}} (uses), {{IPAc-cmn}} (uses) Help:IPA/Manx Manx {{IPA-gv}} (uses) Help:IPA/Māori Māori {{IPA-mi}} (uses), {{IPAc-mi}} (uses) Help:IPA/Marshallese Marshallese {{IPA-mh}} (uses), {{IPAc-mh}} (uses) Help:IPA/Mayan Mayan {{IPA-myn}} (uses) Help:IPA/Mongolian Mongolian {{IPA-mn}} (uses) Help:IPA/Nahuatl Nahuatl {{IPA-nah}} (uses) Help:IPA/Navajo Navajo {{IPA-nv}} (uses) Help:IPA/Neapolitan Neapolitan {{IPA-nap}} (uses) Help:IPA/Nguni Swazi {{IPA-ss}} (uses) Xhosa {{IPA-xh}} (uses) Zulu {{IPA-zu}} (uses) Help:IPA/Northern Thai Northern Thai {{IPA-nod}} (uses) Help:IPA/Norwegian Norwegian {{IPA-no}} (uses) Help:IPA/Occitan Occitan {{IPA-oc}} (uses) Help:IPA/Odia Odia {{IPA-or}} (uses) Help:IPA/Old English Old English {{IPA-ang}} (uses) Help:IPA/Persian Persian {{IPA-fa}} (uses) Help:IPA/Piedmontese Piedmontese {{IPA-pms}} (uses) Help:IPA/Polish Polish {{IPA-pl}} (uses), {{IPAc-pl}} (uses) Help:IPA/Portuguese Portuguese {{IPA-pt}} (uses), {{IPAc-pt}} (uses) Help:IPA/Punjabi Punjabi {{IPA-pa}} (uses) Help:IPA/Quechua Quechua {{IPA-qu}} (uses) Help:IPA/Romanian Romanian {{IPA-ro}} (uses), {{IPAc-ro}} (uses) Help:IPA/Romansh Romansh {{IPA-rm}} (uses) Help:IPA/Russian Russian {{IPA-ru}} (uses) Help:IPA/Sanskrit Sanskrit {{IPA-sa}} (uses) Help:IPA/Sardinian Sardinian {{IPA-sc}} (uses) Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic {{IPA-gd}} (uses) Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian {{IPA-sh}} (uses) Croatian {{IPA-hr}} (uses) Serbian {{IPA-sr}} (uses) Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue Shan {{IPA-shn}} (uses) Tai Lue {{IPA-khb}} (uses) Help:IPA/Sicilian Sicilian {{IPA-scn}} (uses) Help:IPA/Slovak Slovak {{IPA-sk}} (uses) Help:IPA/Slovene Slovene {{IPA-sl}} (uses) Help:IPA/Spanish Spanish {{IPA-es}} (uses), {{IPAc-es}} (uses) Help:IPA/Standard German German {{IPA-de}} (uses) Help:IPA/Swahili Swahili {{IPA-sw}} (uses) Help:IPA/Swedish Swedish {{IPA-sv}} (uses) Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien Taiwanese Hokkien {{IPA-taiwan}} (uses) Help:IPA/Tagalog Tagalog {{IPA-tl}} (uses) Help:IPA/Tamil Tamil {{IPA-ta}} (uses) Help:IPA/Tatar Tatar {{IPA-tt}} (uses) Help:IPA/Thai and Lao Thai {{IPA-th}} (uses) Lao {{IPA-lo}} (uses) Help:IPA/Tibetan Tibetan {{IPA-bo}} (uses) Help:IPA/Tigrinya Tigrinya {{IPA-ti}} (uses) Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic Tunisian Arabic {{IPA-aeb}} (uses) Help:IPA/Turkish Turkish {{IPA-tr}} (uses) Help:IPA/Turkmen Turkmen {{IPA-tk}} (uses) Help:IPA/Ukrainian Ukrainian {{IPA-uk}} (uses) Help:IPA/Uzbek Uzbek {{IPA-uz}} (uses) Help:IPA/Venetian Venetian {{IPA-vec}} (uses) Help:IPA/Vietnamese Vietnamese {{IPA-vi}} (uses) Help:IPA/Walloon Walloon {{IPA-wa}} (uses) Help:IPA/Welsh Welsh {{IPA-cy}} (uses) Help:IPA/West Frisian West Frisian {{IPA-fy}} (uses) Help:IPA/Yiddish Yiddish {{IPA-yi}} (uses)

Languages without dedicated keys

Templates have been created for languages which do not yet have dedicated key pages. Transcriptions which use these templates will link to Help:IPA for the time being; when a language-specific key is created the templates will be linked accordingly. For example, you can use {{IPA-jv|word}} for Javanese, but for the moment it will link to Help:IPA, producing Javanese pronunciation: [word].

Languages and language extensions (IPA-xx) with links to Help:IPA

{{IPA-ace}} (uses): Acehnese {{IPA-ady}} (uses): Adyghe {{IPA-afb}} (uses): Gulf Arabic {{IPA-ain}} (uses): Ainu {{IPA-ak}} (uses): Akan (Fante, Twi) {{IPA-akk}} (uses): Akkadian {{IPA-alg}} (uses): Algonquian (Micmac, Cree) {{IPA-all}} (uses): (transcriptions not specific to any language, or which have not yet been reassigned) {{IPA-als}} (uses): Albanian dialects {{IPA-an}} (uses): Aragonese {{IPA-arn}} (uses): Mapuche {{IPA-art}} (uses): artificial (Ido, Tolkien, etc.) {{IPA-ath}} (uses): Athabaskan (Dene, Navajo) {{IPA-ay}} (uses): Aymara {{IPA-azc}} (uses): Uto-Aztecan (Shoshone, Comanche) {{IPA-ba}} (uses): Bashkir {{IPA-bar}} (uses): Bavarian {{IPA-bm}} (uses): Manding/Bambara {{IPA-bodia}} (uses): Bodish {{IPA-cau}} (uses): (North) Caucasian {{IPA-cel}} (uses): Celtic (Brythonic, Gaulish) {{IPA-ch}} (uses): Chamorro {{IPA-cop}} (uses): Coptic {{IPA-csb}} (uses): Kashubian {{IPA-cv}} (uses): Chuvash {{IPA-dedia}} (uses): German dialects {{IPA-dv}} (uses): Dhivehi {{IPA-ee}} (uses): Gbe (Ewe, Fon) {{IPA-endia}} (uses): English dialects {{IPA-enm}} (uses): Middle English {{IPA-esdia}} (uses): Spanish dialects {{IPA-fo}} (uses): Faroese {{IPA-frdia}} (uses): French dialects (Canadian, Metis, Norman) {{IPA-fur}} (uses): Friulian {{IPA-gag}} (uses): Gagauz {{IPA-gez}} (uses): Ge'ez {{IPA-gn}} (uses): Guaraní {{IPA-ha}} (uses): Hausa {{IPA-hak}} (uses): Hakka {{IPA-hmn}} (uses): Hmong {{IPA-ig}} (uses): Igbo {{IPA-ira}} (uses): Iranian (Old Persian, Kurdish, Pamir) {{IPA-iro}} (uses): Iroquoian (Mohawk, Cherokee) {{IPA-jv}} (uses): Javanese {{IPA-ki}} (uses): Kikuyu {{IPA-kl}} (uses): Greenlandic {{IPA-kn}} (uses): Kannada {{IPA-kok}} (uses): Konkani {{IPA-ks}} (uses): Kashmiri {{IPA-ksw}} (uses): S'gaw Karen {{IPA-kw}} (uses): Cornish {{IPA-ky}} (uses): Kyrgyz {{IPA-lad}} (uses): Ladino {{IPA-lg}} (uses): Ganda {{IPA-lld}} (uses): Ladin {{IPA-ltc}} (uses): Middle Chinese {{IPA-lzz}} (uses): Laz {{IPA-maz}} (uses): Mazovian {{IPA-mga}} (uses): Middle Irish {{IPA-mid}} (uses): Neo-Mandaic {{IPA-mnc}} (uses): Manchu {{IPA-mnw}} (uses): Mon {{IPA-moh}} (uses): Mohawk {{IPA-mos}} (uses): Mossi/Gurunsi {{IPA-mr}} (uses): Marathi {{IPA-mus}} (uses): Muskogean (Chickasaw, Creek) {{IPA-na}} (uses): Nauruan {{IPA-nan}} (uses): Minnan/Taiwanese {{IPA-nci}} (uses): Classical Nahuatl {{IPA-nds}} (uses): Low Saxon {{IPA-ne}} (uses): Nepali {{IPA-non}} (uses): Old Norse {{IPA-nus}} (uses): Nuer {{IPA-ny}} (uses): Chewa {{IPA-oax}} (uses): Oaxaca (Zapotec, Mixe, Otomi) {{IPA-om}} (uses): Oromo {{IPA-os}} (uses): Ossetian {{IPA-pap}} (uses): Papiamento {{IPA-pdc}} (uses): Pennsylvania German {{IPA-poly}} (uses): (other) Polynesian {{IPA-ps}} (uses): Pashto {{IPA-ptdia}} (uses): Portuguese dialects {{IPA-qya}} (uses): Quenya {{IPA-rej}} (uses): Rejang {{IPA-rw}} (uses): Rwanda-Rundi {{IPA-ryu}} (uses): Okinawan langs {{IPA-sal}} (uses): Salish & NW Coast {{IPA-sco}} (uses): Scots {{IPA-sd}} (uses): Sindhi {{IPA-sec}} (uses): Sechelt {{IPA-sei}} (uses): Seri {{IPA-sem}} (uses): (ancient) Semitic, Egyptian {{IPA-sga}} (uses): Old Irish {{IPA-si}} (uses): Sinhala {{IPA-sio}} (uses): Siouan (Omaha, Lakota) {{IPA-sla}} (uses): Slavic (old Slavic, Silesian, Sorbian) {{IPA-sm}} (uses): Samoan {{IPA-sn}} (uses): Shona {{IPA-so}} (uses): Somali {{IPA-st}} (uses): Sotho {{IPA-stq}} (uses): Saterland Frisian {{IPA-su}} (uses): Sundanese {{IPA-sux}} (uses): Sumerian {{IPA-sva}} (uses): Svan {{IPA-sw}} (uses): Swahili {{IPA-syc}} (uses): Classical Syriac {{IPA-syr}} (uses): Syriac {{IPA-te}} (uses): Telugu {{IPA-tlh}} (uses): Klingon {{IPA-tn}} (uses): Tswana {{IPA-to}} (uses): Tongan {{IPA-tyv}} (uses): Tuvan {{IPA-tzl}} (uses): Talossan {{IPA-ug}} (uses): Uyghur {{IPA-wad}} (uses): Wandamen {{IPA-wo}} (uses): Wolof {{IPA-wuu}} (uses): Wu/Shanghainese {{IPA-xmf}} (uses): Mingrelian {{IPA-xx}} (uses): (unidentified) {{IPA-yo}} (uses): Yoruba

Conversion to IPA

The template {{x2i}} takes X-SAMPA symbols (ASCII equivalents of IPA symbols) and converts them to IPA.

Other language-specific templates allow you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) in place of IPA characters, and they will be automatically converted to the phonetic symbols that are used to transcribe the language. The templates that are currently available are shown below, with examples:

Arabic, {{IPAc-ar}}	{{IPAc-ar|2|a|l|l|u|gh|a|t_|a|l|3|a|r|a|b|i|y|y|a}} → [ʔalluɣat‿alʕarabijja]
Cantonese, {{IPAc-yue}}	{{IPAc-yue|h|ung|2|.|z|i|2}} → [hǒŋ.tsǐː]
English, {{IPAc-en}}	{{IPAc-en|,|{|l|@|'|b|{|m|@}} → /ˌæləˈbæmə/
French, {{IPAc-fr}}	{{IPAc-fr|j|@|-|s|U|i|s_|a|m|é|r|i|c|ain}} → [jə sɥi.z‿ameʁikɛ̃]
Georgian, {{IPAc-ka}}	{{IPAc-ka|dz|a|l|a|_|e|r|t|o|b|a|sh|i|a}} → [d͡zɑlɑ ɛrtʰɔbɑʃiɑ]
Hebrew, {{IPAc-he}}	{{IPAc-he|y|a|ʿ|a|k|o|v}} → [jaʕakov]
Hungarian, {{IPAc-hu}}	{{IPAc-hu|'|m|a|gy|a|r}} → [ˈmɒɟɒr]
Irish, {{IPAc-ga}}	{{IPAc-ga|'|b|ai|l'|@|-|'|á|th|@|-|'|c'|l'|ia|th}} → [ˈbˠalʲə ˈaːhə ˈclʲiəh]
Italian, {{IPAc-it}}	{{IPAc-it|'|ì|o|_|'|s|o|:|n|o|_|a|m|e|r|i|'|c|a|:|n|o}} → [ˈio ˈsoːno ameriˈkaːno]
Japanese, {{IPAc-ja}}	{{IPAc-ja|ku|ro|si|o}} → [kɯɾoɕio]
Korean, {{IPAc-ko}}	{{IPAc-ko|h|a|ng|eo}} → [haːŋəː]
Mandarin, {{IPAc-cmn}}	{{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}} → [ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ]
Māori, {{IPAc-mi}}	{{IPAc-mi|ng|ā|r|u|a|'|w|ā|h|i|a}} → [ŋaːɾʉaˈwaːhia]
Marshallese, {{IPAc-mh}}	{{IPAc-mh|m|yay|J|^yeh|r|how|ow}} → [mʲæzʲ(ɛ͡ʌ)rˠɤ͡oo̯]
Polish, {{IPAc-pl}}	{{IPAc-pl|'|sz|cz|e|ć|i|n}} → [ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin]
Portuguese, {{IPAc-pt}}	{{IPAc-pt|p|o|<|r|t|u|'|g|a|l|lang=pt}} and {{IPAc-pt|b|r|a|'|S|i|l|lang=br}} → [puɾtuˈɣaɫ] and [bɾaˈziw]
Romanian, {{IPAc-ro}}	{{IPAc-ro|ˈ|m|U|n|ț|ii|_|f|ă|G|ă|ˈ|r|a|ș|U|l|U|i}} → [ˈmunt͡sij fəɡəˈraʃului]
Spanish, {{IPAc-es}}	{{IPAc-es|m|i|'|gu|e|l|_|d|e|_|c|e|r|'|v|a|n|t|e|s|_|s|aa|'|v|e|d|r|a}} → [miˈɣel ðe θeɾˈβantes saːˈβeðɾa]

The following templates have also been created, but they haven't been vetted by the community and may not work properly:

• {{IPAc-ang}}: Old English
• {{IPAc-de}}: German
• {{IPAc-la}}: Latin
• {{IPAc-nl}}: Dutch
• {{IPAc-uk}}: Ukrainian

See also

• {{Respell}}, for pronunciation respellings, which may be used for English words in addition to the IPA
• {{Lang-nci-IPA}}, for dual Nahuatl-IPA transcription