പാസെറൈൻ

ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passerine

Passerines Temporal range: Eocene-Recent, 55–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Striated Pardalote (Pardalotus striatus)
Song of a Purple-crowned Fairywren (Malurus coronatus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	ജന്തുലോകം
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Neoaves
Clade:	Terrestrornithes
Clade:	Telluraves
Clade:	Australaves
Clade:	Eufalconimorphae
Clade:	Psittacopasserae
Order:	Passeriformes Linnaeus, 1758
Suborders
Acanthisitti Tyranni Passeri and see text
Diversity
Roughly 100 families, around 5,400 species

മരക്കൊമ്പിലിരിക്കാൻ പാകത്തിൽ കാലുകൾ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്ന പക്ഷികൾ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന പക്ഷികുലമാണ് പാസെറൈൻ അഥവാ ചേക്കയിരിക്കുന്ന പക്ഷികൾ.പാടുന്ന പക്ഷികൾ (songbirds) എന്നും ഇവയെ വിശേഷിപ്പിച്ച് കാണാറുണ്ട്.ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ സവിശേഷമായ കാൽ വിരലുകൾ, (മൂന്ന് വിരലുകൾ മുന്നോട്ടും ഒന്ന് പിറകോട്ടും) മരക്കൊമ്പിൽ അള്ളിപ്പിടിച്ചിരിക്കുവാൻ സഹായിക്കുന്നു.പക്ഷിവർഗത്തിൽ പകുതിയിൽ അധികവും ഈ നിരയിൽ പെടുന്നവയാണ്.110 ഓളം കുടുംബങ്ങളിലായി അയ്യായിരത്തോളം അംഗങ്ങളുള്ള പാസെറിഫോമേസ് എണ്ണത്തിൽ നട്ടെല്ലുള്ളജീവികളിൾ രണ്ടാമത്തെ നിരയാണ്.പാസെറൈൻ പക്ഷികുലത്തിൽപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരു പക്ഷിയാണ് പിറ്റ.

ഫൈലോജനി

Passeriformes classification

Acanthisitti   Acanthisittidae     Eupasseres Tyranni Eurylaimides   ?Sapayoidae       Calyptomenidae     Pittidae         Philepittidae     Eurylaimidae       Tyrannides Tyrannida   Pipridae       Cotingidae         Tityridae       Oxyruncidae     Onychorhynchidae           Tyrannidae       Pipritidae       Platyrinchidae       Tachurididae     Rhynchocyclidae                 Furnariida     Melanopareiidae       Thamnophilidae     Conopophagidae           Grallariidae       Rhinocryptidae       Formicariidae     Furnariidae               Passeri Menurides   Atrichornithidae     Menuridae     Euoscines Climacterides   Ptilonorhynchidae     Climacteridae       Meliphagides   Maluridae       Dasyornithidae       Pardalotidae     Meliphagidae           Orthonychides   Orthonychidae     Pomatostomidae       Corvides   Cinclosomatidae       Campephagidae         Neosittidae     Mohouidae       Orioloidea   Eulacestomidae         Psophodidae       Falcunculidae     Oreoicidae             Paramythiidae       Pteruthiidae     Vireonidae           Pachycephalidae     Oriolidae             Malaconotoidea   Machaerirhynchidae       Artamidae       Rhagologidae         Platysteiridae     Vangidae         Aegithinidae       Pityriaseidae     Malaconotidae               Corvoidea   ?Dicruridae       Rhipiduridae     Lamproliidae           Monarchidae       Laniidae     Corvidae           Ifritidae       Melampittidae       Corcoracidae     Paradisaeidae                       Passerides Melanocharitida Melanocharitidae     Cnemophilida Cnemophilidae     Petroicida   Petroicidae       Notiomystidae     Callaeidae         Eupetida   Picathartidae       Chaetopidae     Eupetidae         Core Passerides                         Core Passerides Sylviida Paroidea   Stenostiridae       Hyliotidae       Remizidae     Paridae         Sylvioidea     Nicatoridae       Panuridae     Alaudidae           Macrosphenidae         Cisticolidae         Pnoepygidae     Acrocephalidae         Locustellidae       Donacobiidae     Bernieridae               Hirundinidae     Pycnonotidae         Phylloscopidae       Cettiidae       Hyliidae     Aegithalidae               Sylviidae     Paradoxornithidae         Zosteropidae       Timaliidae       Pellorneidae     Leiothrichidae                         Muscicapida Reguloidea Regulidae   Bombycilloidea   Elachuridae     Mohoidae       Ptiliogonatidae       Bombycillidae       Dulidae     Hypocoliidae           Certhioidea     Tichodromadidae     Sittidae         Certhiidae       Troglodytidae     Polioptilidae         Muscicapoidea     Cinclidae       Turdidae     Muscicapidae           Buphagidae       Mimidae     Sturnidae           Passerida   Promeropidae       Arcanatoridae         Dicaeidae     Nectariniidae         Urocynchramidae         Irenidae     Chloropseidae           Peucedramidae     Prunellidae       Estrild clade   Ploceidae       Viduidae     Estrildidae       Passerid clade   Passeridae       Motacillidae       Fringillidae       Calcariidae       Rhodinocichlidae         Emberizidae     Passerellidae       ?Zeledonia     ?Teretistris     Phaenicophilidae       Icteridae     Parulidae             Mitrospingidae     Cardinalidae     Thraupidae

അവലംബം

• Alström, Per; Ericson, Per G.P.; Olsson, Urban; Sundberg, Per (2006). "Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 38 (2): 381–397. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015. PMID 16054402.
• Barker, F. Keith; Barrowclough, George F.; Groth, Jeff G. (2002). "A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 269 (1488): 295–308. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1883. PMC 1690884. PMID 11839199.
• Barker, F. Keith; Cibois, Alice; Schikler, Peter A.; Feinstein, Julie; Cracraft, Joel (2004). "Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation". PNAS. 101 (30): 11040–11045. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401892101. PMC 503738. PMID 15263073. Supporting information
• Beresford, P.; Barker, F.K.; Ryan, P.G.; Crowe, T.M. (2005). "African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary 'enigmas'" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 272 (1565): 849–858. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2997. PMC 1599865. PMID 15888418. Electronic appendix
• Boles, Walter E. (1997). "Fossil Songbirds (Passeriformes) from the Early Eocene of Australia". Emu. 97 (1): 43–50. doi:10.1071/MU97004.
• Cibois, Alice; Slikas, Beth; Schulenberg, Thomas S.; Pasquet, Eric (2001). "An endemic radiation of Malagasy songbirds is revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data" (PDF). Evolution. 55 (6): 1198–1206. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1198:AEROMS]2.0.CO;2. മൂലതാളിൽ (PDF) നിന്നും 21 മേയ് 2006-ന് ആർക്കൈവ് ചെയ്തത്.
• Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Science Advances. 1 (11). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC 4730849. PMID 26824065.
• del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2003): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos). Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-50-4
• del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2004): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions). ISBN 84-87334-69-5
• del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2005): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 10: Cuckoo-Shrikes to Thrushes. Lynx Edicions). ISBN 84-87334-72-5
• del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2006): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers). Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-96553-06-X
• del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2007): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees). Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-42-2
• Dickinson, E.C. (ed.) (2003): The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the World (3rd edition). Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6536-X
• Ericson, Per G.P.; Johansson, Ulf S. (2003). "Phylogeny of Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (1): 126–138. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00067-8.
• Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén; Kókay, József (1998–99). "Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely" [Middle Miocene fossils from the sections at the Rákóczi chapel at Mátraszőlős. Locality Mátraszõlõs I.] (PDF). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis. 23: 33–78.
• Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén, Kókay, József; Márton, Venczel (2000). "Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból II. A Mátraszõlõs 2. lelõhely" [Middle Miocene fossils from the section of the road at the Rákóczi Chapel, Mátraszõlõs. II. Locality Mátraszõlõs 2] (PDF). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis. 24: 39–75. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hír, János; Kókay, József; Venczel, Márton; Gál, Erika; GKessler, Eugén (2001). "Elõzetes beszámoló a felsõtárkányi "Güdör-kert" n. õslénytani lelõhelykomplex újravizsgálatáról" [A preliminary report on the revised investigation of the paleontological locality-complex "Güdör-kert" at Felsõtárkány, Northern Hungary]. Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis. 25: 41–64.
• Hugueney, Marguerite; Berthet, Didier; Bodergat, Anne-Marie; Escuillié, François; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Wattinne, Aurélia (2003). "La limite Oligocène-Miocène en Limagne: changements fauniques chez les mammifères, oiseaux et ostracodes des différents niveaux de Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)" [The Oligocene-Miocene boundary in Limagne: faunal changes in the mammals, birds and ostracods from the different levels of Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)]. Geobios. 36 (6): 719–731. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2003.01.002.
• Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2003). "Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960)" (PDF). Journal of Avian Biology. 34 (2): 185–197. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x.
• Jønsson, Knud A.; Fjeldså, Jon (2006). "A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri)". Zoologica Scripta. 35 (2): 149–186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x.
• Lovette, Irby J.; Bermingham, Eldredge (2000). "c-mos Variation in Songbirds: Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetic Implications, and Comparisons with Mitochondrial Differentiation". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 17 (10): 1569–1577. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026255.
• Mayr, Gerald; Manegold, Albrecht (2006). "A Small Suboscine-like Passeriform Bird from the Early Oligocene of France". Condor. 108 (3): 717–720. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[717:ASSPBF]2.0.CO;2.
• Manegold, Albrecht; Mayr, Gerald; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile (2004). "Miocene Songbirds and the Composition of the European Passeriform Avifauna". Auk. 121 (4): 1155–1160. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1155:MSATCO]2.0.CO;2.
• Noriega, Jorge I.; Chiappe, Luis M. (1991). "El más antiguo Passeriformes de America del Sur. Presentation at VIII Journadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados" [The most ancient passerine from South America]. Ameghiniana. 28 (3–4): 410.
• Noriega, Jorge I.; Chiappe, Luis M. (1993). "An Early Miocene Passeriform from Argentina" (PDF). Auk. 110 (4): 936–938. doi:10.2307/4088653. JSTOR 4088653.
• Roux, T. (2002). "Deux fossiles d'oiseaux de l'Oligocène inférieur du Luberon" [Two bird fossils from the Lower Oligocene of Luberon]. Courrier Scientifique du Parc Naturel Régional du Luberon. 6: 38–57.
• Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J.A. & Douglas, B.J. (2007). "Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 5 (1): 1–39. doi:10.1017/S1477201906001957.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ

• Media related to Passeriformes at Wikimedia Commons
• Passeriformes എന്ന ജീവവർഗ്ഗവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട വിവരങ്ങൾ വിക്കിസ്പീഷിസിൽ കാണുക.