ഉപയോക്താവ്:Ibinusina\

C_v\p-ko\: thcp-IÄ tIc-f-¯nÂകട്ടികൂട്ടിയ എഴുത്ത്

temIw I­ F¡m-e-s¯bpw sshZy-imkv{X ]nXm-hmWv Aen A lpssk-\p_v\p A_vZp-Ãmlv C_v\p-ko\ (A-hn-sk-¶) Ad_v Ckvem-anI temIs¯ ZmÀi-\n-I\pw `nj-Kz-c\pw Bbn Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp¶ C_v\p ko\ t]Àjy³ hwi-P-\m-Wv. ssiJv (Kp-cp) dCukv (t\-Xm-hv) F¶o \ma-§-fn Ad_v temI¯v At±lw Adn-b-s¸-«p. At±-l-¯nsâ ]nXmhv A_vZpà _q³Jv kztZ-in-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ]n¶oSv kam-\n¿: 'kp¯m³ \q^v a³kq-dnsâ `c-W-Imew F.-Un. 976-þ997 Ime¯v _pJm-dn-te¡v Xmakw amän. N{I-hÀ¯n At±-ls¯ Jcn-am-¯m-\nsâ Xe-h\pw \nIpXn]ncn-hp-Im-c-\p-am¡n \ntbm-Kn-¨p. ChnsS sh¨v kao] {]tZ-i-amb A^vjm-\-bn \n¶pw Ct±lw hnhmlw Ign-¨p. kn¯m-c-sb¶ t]Àjy³ hwi-P-bm-bn-cp¶p h[p. Cu Z¼-Xn-IÄ¡v Acp-a-bmbn F.-Un. 980  BK-Ìv, lnPvd 370 (k-^À) C_v\p ko\ `qPm-X-\m-bn. Ip«n-bpsS ac-W-tijw IpSpw_w _pJm-d-bn-te¡v Xmakw amän. _me-\m-bn-cns¡ Xs¶ C_v\p ko\ _p²n-i-ànbpw {Kmly-ti-jnbpw {]I- Sn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p. tIÄ¡p-¶-sX´pw s]s«¶v lrZnØ-Ø-a-¡p¶ {]IrXw {Kma-hm-kn-Isf AÛp-X-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. ]¯m-as¯ hb-Ên JpÀ-B³ ]qÀW-ambn a\:]mT-am-¡n. IÀ½-im-kv{X-¯nepw hnizmk ZÀi-\-¯nepw Ah-Kmlw t\Snb C_v\p-ko\ Ae-¦mc hymI-cW imkv{X-§-fnepw anIhv sXfn-bn-¨p. ssiJv A_vZp-Ãmlv \mXznen BWv C_v\p ko\bv¡v in£Ww \ÂIn-b-Xv. ]n¶oSv Ajm-\-bnse {]i-kvX-\mb KWn-X-Ú-\mb apl-½-Zn-sâbpw {]ikvX tKmf-imkv{X ]Þn-X-\mb A_p lksâ Iognepw C_v\p-ko\ A[ym-b\w \S-¯n. KWn-Xw, t£{X KWn-Xw, `uXn-Iw, XXz-Nn-´, XÀ¡-im-kv{Xw, aX-ao-amwk F¶o hnj-b-§-fnepw Bg-¯n ]T-\§Ä \S-¯p-hm³ C_v\p ko\bv¡v Ah-kcw e`n-¨p. ]Xn-\mdp hbÊp ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ip-¶-Xn\p ap¼v At±lw sshZy-im-kv{X-¯nepw {]mhoWyw t\Sn. A]m-c-amb [nj-Wm-]m-Shw D­m-bn-cp¶ C_v\p-ko-\-bpsS tNmZy-§Ä¡v ap¶n ]e-t¸mgpw A[ym-]-IÀ¡p t]mepw D¯cwap«n-bn-cp-¶p. Hcn-¡Â XÀ¡-imkv{X A[ym-]-I-\p-ambn C_v\p-ko\ kwhm-Z-¯n GÀs¸-Sp-Ibpw XÀ¡-imkv{X hnj-b-¯n kz´w A[ym-]-Is\ tXm¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXtXmSp IqSn C_v\p-ko\ {it²-b-\m-bn. ]n¶oSv Kpcp injy-\n \n¶pw XÀ¡-imkv{Xw ]Tn-t¡­n h¶p. sshZy-imkv{X ]T-\-¯n-\mWv C_\p-ko\ {]m[m\yw sImSp-¯-Xv. XZvhn-j-b-ambn In«p-¶-sX´pw At±lw BÀ¯n-tbmsS hmbn-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p. kwib \nhm-c-W-¯n\p A_q klÂ, A_q a³kqÀ F¶n-hsc C_v\p-ko\ kao-]n-¨n-cp-¶p. sshZy-im-kv{X-¯n-ep-­m-bn-cp¶ ss\]pWyw aqew ]Xn-t\gp hbÊv ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ip-¶-Xn\p aps¼ C_v\p-ko-\bv¡v BtKmf {]i-kvX-\m-Ip-hm³ Ign-ªp. AXn\v {]tXyI kml-N-cyhpw Hcp-§n. kp¡m-d-bpsS kp¯m-\m-bn-cp¶ \qlv C_v\p a³kq-dn\v {]tXy-I-Xcw tcmKw ]nSn-s]-«p. cmPy-¯nsâ AI¯pw ]pd¯pw \n¶p-ambn ]ecpw kp¯msâ Nn-In-Õ-¡mbn apt¶m-«p-h-¶p. ]t£, sshZy-imkv{X cwK¯v AÛp-X-amb Cu tcmKs¯ NnInÕ sImSp-¡p-t¶-S¯v FÃm-hcpw ]cm-

N-b-s¸-«p. C_v\p-ko-\-sb-¡p-dn¨v tI«n-cp¶ sIm«mc sshZy³ C_v\p-ko-\sb cmP-k-¶n-[n-bn £Wn-¡p-Ibpw cmPm-hns\ NnIn-Õn-¡p-hm³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {]i-kvX-cmb ]ecpw ]cm-P-b-s¸-«n-S¯v C_v\pko\ hnP-bn-¨p. kp¯msâ tcmKw t`Z-am-Ip-Ibpw C_v\p-ko-\bv¡v cmP-sIm-«m-c-¯nse sshZy-]«w e`n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns\ Xnc-kvI-cn-¨p-sIm­v X\n¡v cmP-sIm-«mc {KÙ-]p-c-bnse ]pkvX-I-§Ä d^À sN¿p-hm-\pÅ Ah-kcw D­m-¡n-X-¶m aXn-sb¶v C_v\p-ko\ kp¯ms\ Adn-bn-¨p. kp¯m³ ko\bv¡p {KÙ-]pc Xpd-¶p-sIm-Sp-¯p. Úm\ IpXp-In-bmb C_v\p-ko-\bv¡v AXn-t\-¡mÄ henb AwKo-Imcw thsd-sbm¶pw D­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Xsâ Bß-I-Y-bn ko\ Xs¶ CXv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-­v. \nc-h[n apdn-I-fpÅ henb Hcp {KÙ]p-c. Ae-am-c-I-fn ASp-¡n-sh¨ At\Iw A]qÀÆ {KÙ-§Ä Hcp apdn \nd-sb. `mj-sbbpw kmln-Xy-s¯bpw kw_-Ôn¨ {KÙ-§Ä, asäm-¶n \nba {KÙ-§Ä, kb³kn\p am{X-ambn asämcp apdn, thsdm-¶n ]pcm-X\ {Ko¡v {KÙ-§Ä, B {KÙ-§-fpsS t]cv t]mepw ap¼v Rm³ tI«n-«n-Ã. B ]pkvXI ]pc-I-bn I­ A]qÀh {KÙ-§Ä asä-hn-sSbpw ImWm³ Ign-ªn-«nà (D²-cWw: C_v\p-ko-\). N{I-hÀ¯n-bpsS sse{_-dnsb th­-hn-[-¯n D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm³ C_v\p-ko-\bv¡p km[n-¨p. CXp-hgn ]Xn-s\«mw hb-Ên Ct±lw FÃm imkv{X-§fpw ]Tn-¨p. XXz-Nn-´, tKmf-im-kv{Xw, KWn-Xw, \ymb-im-kv{Xw, kwKo-Xw, sshZy-im-kv{Xw, XpS§n hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn At±lw temI-¯n\v At±-l-¯n-tâ-Xmb kw`m-h-\-IÄ \nÀh-ln-¨p. At±-l-¯nsâ \nc-h[n {KÙ-§Ä temI¯n\v ap¼n kaÀ¸n-¡-s¸-«p. sshZy-imkv{X cwK¯v Aen lʳ C_v\p A_vZnÃm C_v\p ko\bv¡v tijw asämcp Bfp-sSbpw t]cv Ffp-Xn-t¨À¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. A_vZp-Ãm C_v\p ko\-bpsS IpSpw_ thcp-Isf Ipdn¨v IqSp-X At\z-jm-ßI Ncn-{X-]-T\w \S-¯nb Ncn-{X-Im-c-·mÀ¡v At±-l-¯nsâ ]nXm-hn \n¶pw A¸p-ds¯ thcp-Isf Ipdn¨v {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-hm³ km[n-¨n-«n-Ã. AXn-\p ImcWw At±-l-¯nsâ Ncn{X ]pkvX-I-§sf B[m-c-am¡n Fgp-Xn-b-Xn ]eXpw At±-ls¯ am{Xw e£yw sh¨v Hcp hyàn-bn tI{µo-I-cn¨v Fgp-Xn-b-h-bm-Wv. F.-Un. 980-emWv C_v\p-ko\ P\n-¡p-¶-Xv. Ct±-l-¯nsâ ]nXm-hnsâ t]cv A_vZpÃm C_v\p ko\-sb-¶mWv (A-Yhm ko\-bpsS aI³ A_vZp-Ã). BcmWv Cu ko\-sb-¶Xv sNs¶-¯p-¶Xv ko\ tZi-¯m-Wv. {InkvXp-hn\v ap¼v kaqZv kap-Zm-b-¯nsâ A[o-\-X-bn Bbn-cp¶p ko\ ]«-Ww. lnPmkv apX ko\ hsc Ch-cpsS hmWnPy tI{µ-am-bn-cp-¶p. kzmenlv \_o Bbn-cp¶p Ch-cn-te¡v \ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸« {]hm-N-I³. JpÀ-B\pw ss__nfpw ]e-h«w {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p¶ Hcn-Sw, ]n¶oSv Ct§m«v {]hm-NI Ime-L«w {]hm-N-I\v ape-¸m \ÂInb leoa al-Xn-bpsS al-Xz-¯nepw taÂhn-em-k-¯n-ep-amWv Cu tZiw Ncn-{X-¯nsâ I®n tNcp-¶-Xv. ko\ tZi-¯nsâ ]Sn-ªmdv `mK-¯mWv _\q klZv tKm{X-¯n A_q-Zp-ssh-knsâ aI-fmbn leoa P\n-¡p-¶-Xv. leoa al-Xn-bpsS Npäp-h-«-§-fn AhÀs¡m¸w Xs¶-bmImw C_v\p ko\-bpsS Nne-h-gn¨ a®n Ckvem-an-I-amb PohnXNcy {]hm-N-I-\n-eqsS Xs¶ A\p-`-hn-¨-dnª ko\bv¡v H¶n-e-[nIw a¡Ä D­m-bn-«p-­v. ko\-bpsS bYmÀ° t]cv ]qÀW-a-Ã. ]q¨-I-tfmSv Af-hä kvt\lw ImWn-¡p¶ A_q-lp-ssdd kzlm-_n¡v {]hm-N-I³ kvt\l-]qÀhw hnfn¨ t]cmWv A_q-lp-ssdd (A-Yhm ]q¨-bpsS _m¸). CtX hnfn-t¸cv Xs¶ {]hm-N-I³ ko\bv¡pw \ÂIn-bn-«p-­m-Imw. C_v\p-ko\(ko-\-bpsS aI³) ko\-sb¶ IpSpw_ thcp-I-fpsS Ncn{Xw {]hm-NI Xncp-sam-gn-bn-eqsS Bcw-`n-¨p. ko\sb {]hm-N-I³ A\p-N-c\pw kl-bm-{Xn-I-\p-ambn \ntbm-Kn-¨p. lZokv a\:]mT-am-¡nb ko\ Xz_-Im-¯n {it²-b-\m-bn. Xsâ a¡-fn c­p-t]sc tNc-am³ N{I-hÀ¯nsb kzoI-cn-¡p-hm\pw A\p-K-an-¡p-hm\pw \ntbm-Kn-¨p. amenIv C_v\p Zo\mÀ amenIv C_v\p AaoÀ BbpÅ bm{Xm kwL-¯n tNc-am³ N{I-hÀ¯n-tbm-sSm¸w (Xm-Pp-±o³) sIm«mc a{´n-am-cmb \oen \nim-Zv, imcn-hm-Zn-t\m-sSm-¸hpw C´y-bn-te¡v Ab-¨p. Ah-cn {]ap-JÀ amenIv C_v\p Zo\mÀ, amenIv C_v\p l_o-_v, ic-^v, C_v\p amen-I, ]ßn\n Ja-cn¿, ]¯v Ip«n-IÄ, _Ôp-¡Ä, A_q-_-¡À, ktlm-Z-c-·mÀ, apl-½-Zv, acp-a-I³, lpssk³, 18 ]Þn-XÀ, amenIv C_v\p ko\-bpsS c­p a¡Ä, klZv C_v\p ko\, kloZv C_v\p ko\bpw I¸Â amÀKw tIc-f-¯n-te¡v Xncn-¨p. jlÀ apÃ-bn sh¨p tNc-am³ NIzÀ¯n¡v ]\n _m[n-¨p. At±-l-¯nsâ tcmKw aqÀÑn-¡p-Ibpw ac-W-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-¯nsâ acW {Inb-IÄ \S-¯n-b-Xn-\p-tijw bm{Xm-kwLw \oen \nimZns\ hgn Im«n-bmbn \nb-an-¨p-sIm­v {InkvXp-hÀjw 643 lnPvd dP_v amkw 21 sImSp-§-Ãq-cn I¸-en-d-§n. amenIv C_v\p Zo\mdpw Nne A\p-bm-bn-hr-¯-§fpw sImSp-§-Ãqcpw tijn-¡p¶ ic^v C_v\p amenIv C_v\p ko\-bpsS a¡-fmb sskZv C_v\p ko\bpw kloZv C_v\p ko\bpw AS¡w henb hn`mKw ae-_mÀ `mK-t¯¡pw bm{X-bm-bn. tNc-am³ N{I-hÀ¯n-bpsS acp-a-IÄ {iotZ-hn-bpsS ASp-s¯-¯p-Ibpw. am_en cmPm-hnsâ \nÀt±i {]Imcw id^v C_v\p amenIpw kloZv C_v\p-ko-\bpw klZv C_v\p ko\bpw th§m-Sn\pw A©-c-¡-­n-¡-Sp¯v I®qÀ PnÃ-bnse tImgn-temSv {]tZ-i-t¯¡v bm{X-bm-bn. am_en cmPm-hnsâ `c-W-¯n³ Iogn Xmhm-cn-IÄ F¶ {_mÒW hn`mKw Xma-kn-¨n-cp¶ Øe-amWv tImgn-tem-Sv. Xmhm-cn-I-fpsS Hgn-ªp-t]m-¡nsâ ^e-ambn s]cn-§men Xd-hm-«p-ImÀ¡mbn tImgn-tem-Snsâ \nb-{´Ww klZv C_v\p ko\-bpw, kmlnZv C_v\p ko\bpw tImgn-temSv shcp-§men Cïv F¯p-Ibpw am_en cmPm-hnsâ I¯v Cïv Imc-W-hÀ¡v \ÂIp-I-bpw, Imc-W-hÀ ChÀ¡v Xma-kn-¡m-\pÅ kuI-cy-§Ä Hcp-¡p-Ibpw Xma-kn-bmsX Ckvemw kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xsâ ktlm-Z-cnsb ko\ ktlm-Z-cn klZv C_v\pko\bv¡p hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnhm-l-tijw s]cp-§men CÃ-¯nsâ A[o-\-X-bn-epÅ th§mSv F¶ {]tZ-i¯v Nmen-¡­n F¶ Øe¯v hoSv \nÀ½n-¨p-\ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tImgn-tem-Sv, th§mSv akvPn-Zp-IÄ \nÀ½n-¡p-Ibpw At\Iw t]À Ckvem-an-te¡v IS-¶p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-¶-BWv Ncn-{Xw. klZv C_v\p ko\-bp-sSbpw kloZv C_v\p ko\ bp-sSbpw IqsS D­m-bn-cp¶ aäv A©v kzlm-_n-h-cy-·mcp-sSbpw Ckvemw aXw kzoI-cn¨ s]cp-§men CÃ-¯nse Imc-W-hÀ Ia-dp-±o-sâbpw ktlm-Zcn JZo-P-bpsSbpw J_-dp-IÄ tImgn-temSv akvPn-Zn\p sXm«-Sp¯v ØnXn sN¿p-¶p. s]cp-§men CÃ-¯nsâ sXm«-Sp¯v Xs¶-bmWv tImgn-temSv akvPn-Zv. C¶pw s]cp-§men CÃ-¯nsâ tijn-¸p-I-fmbn s]cp-§men Ac-b-S¯v CÃ-hpw, sXt¡-S¯v CÃ-hpw, tIc-_¯v CÃhpw ØnXn sN¿p-¶p. ChnsS ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bnse IÀ¯ym-b-\n-b-½bpw a¡fpw Xma-kn-¡p-¶p. ]g-b-Ime aX-ssa{Xn Ime-L-«hpw apkvenw lnµp-¡fpw kvt\l-]qÀÆw Pohn¨ Ime-L-«-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]qÀh-]n-Xm-¡Ä ]IÀ¶p-sIm-Sp¯ Adnhv s\©n-teän ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv¡v ]IÀ¶p-sIm-Sp-¡p-I-bm-Wv ImÀ¯ym-b-\n-b-½. AtX-t]mse Xs¶ C¸p-d¯v apkvenw klZv C_v\p-ko\ ]c-¼-c-bnse ]pXnb Xe-ap-d, kn.-]n.-a-½p«n lmPn, \p¨n-bn Nmen-¡­n D½-¿, kn.-]n. a½-Zv, Ipªm-b³ lmPn, _ocm³ lmPn, F³.-kn. amb³, sI. e¯o^v amÌÀ, Dkvam³ kn.-]n, A_vZpÄ JmZnÀ sI.-]n. XpS-§n-b-hcpw klZv C_v\p ko\-sbbpw kloZv C_v\p ko\-sbbpw sNdnb ko\p-¡, henb ko\p-¡-sb¶pw s]cp-§men CÃ-¯nse Imc-W-hsc Ia-dp-±os\ I½p-¡-sb-¶p-amWv hnfn-¨p-h-cp-¶-sX¶v km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. a¡m ^Xvln\v tij-amWv ChÀ tIc-f-¯n-te¡v h¶-sX¶ enJn-Xhpw kn.-]n.-Ip-ªp, Nmen-I­n JZo-P-sb-t¸m-se-bp-Å-hÀ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-­v. kAZv C_v\p ko\-bp-sSbpw kloZv C_v\p ko\-bp-sSbpw J_À knbm-d-¯p-Ifpw ]pXnb Xe-apd apS-§msX \S-¯p-¶p. s]cn-§men Xd-hm-«p-Imcpw apkvenw-Ifpw C¶pw kulmÀ±-t¯msS Pohn-¡p-¶p. Cusbmcp Ncn-{Xs¯ I®n-tNÀ¡p¶ Ncn-{X -hm-b-\- bmWv sshZy-imkv{X ]nXm-hnsâ ]nXm-a-l-·m-cmWv amenIv C_v\p Zo\m-dnsâ IqsS tIc-f-¯n-te¡v {]t_m-[\ ZuXy-hp-ambn h¶-sX¶v temI-¯n\v In«p¶ Gähpw {it²-b-amIp¶ Ncn-{X-¯nsâ km£y-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ hmsam-gn-I-fmbn kq£n-¡p-I-bmWv Hcp {KmaoW P\-X. C_v\p-ko\ IpSpw_ thcp-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v Ncn-{X-Im-c-·mÀ¡v klm-b-I-am-Ip¶ Ncn{X \nK-a-\-§-fmWv Cu {Kma-¯n \n¶pw I®qÀ PnÃ-bnse th§mSv \n¶pw Pohn-¡p¶ ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bn \n¶pw In«n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Ah-ti-jn-¸p-I-fmbn ko\ tZi¯v \n¶pw h¶ ko\ ktlm-Z-c-§-fpsS J_-dp-IÄ tImgn-t¡mSv PpapA akvPn-Zn Ncn-{X-¯nsâ I®n tNc-en\v km£yw hln-¡p-¶p.

ABDULLA IBINSINA ebinuseena@gmail.com