വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Mandarin Chinese pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Mandarin phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Mandarin. Please note that English equivalents given in this page may only represent very approximate sounds to the original pronunciations.
|
|
| Vowels |
| IPA |
Pinyin |
Bopomofo |
English approximation |
| [a] |
a (a, an) |
ㄚ, ㄢ |
Somewhat like car |
| aɪ |
ai |
ㄞ |
time |
| [ɑ] |
a (ang), e (er) |
ㄤ, ㄦ |
car |
| ɑʊ |
ao |
ㄠ |
how |
| eɪ |
ei[2] |
ㄟ |
hey |
| [ɛ] |
e (ye), a (yan, yuan) |
ㄝ,ㄧㄢ , ㄩㄢ |
yes |
| [œ] |
e (yue) |
ㄩㄝ |
No English equivalent; Rounded [ɛ] |
| [ə] |
e (en[2], eng) |
ㄣ, ㄥ |
about |
| [ɤ] |
e |
ㄜ |
Somewhat like hood |
| [i] |
yi/-i (yi, yin, ying) |
ㄧ |
see |
| ɨ |
i (si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri) (buzzing)[3] |
ㄭ |
| oʊ |
ou[2] |
ㄡ |
hoe |
| [ɔ] |
o (wo[4]) |
ㄛ |
war |
| [u] |
wu/-u |
ㄨ |
woo |
| [ʊ] |
o (ong) |
ㄨㄥ |
hood |
| [y] |
yu/-ü[1] (yu, yun) |
ㄩ |
Somewhat like cute |
| Nasal[5] |
| ɑ̃ |
ang (angr) |
|
No English equivalent; nasal [ɑ] |
| ə̃ |
eng (engr) |
|
No English equivalent; nasal [ə] |
| ʊ̃ |
ong (ongr) |
|
No English equivalent. Nasal [ʊ] |
| IPA |
Pinyin |
Description |
| Tones |
| ǎ ɤ̌ |
á, é |
mid rising: ˧˥ |
| â ɤ̂ |
à, è |
high falling: ˥˩ |
| á ɤ́ |
ā, ē |
high: ˥ |
| à, ɤ̀ |
ǎ, ě |
medially, low: ˩
initially, mid falling: ˧˩
finally, low rising: ˩˧
in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧ |
| a, ɤ |
a, e |
"toneless":
low after a falling tone [â];
mid after all other tones |
|
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 ü ([y], [ɥ]) is spelled u after j, q, x as [u], [w] cannot occur after these consonants.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 wei, you, wen are spelled ui, iu, un respectively in pinyin, but pronounced identically, when preceded by a consonant.
- ↑ Slightly "buzzing" vowels. In shi, zhi, chi, ri, the vowel is also retracted: [ɨ˞], rather like the ir in US English bird. These are sometimes transcribed as syllabic fricatives ([z̩], [ʐ̩]), but there is little frication.
- ↑ uo is spelled o when preceded by b, p, m or f; however, it is pronounced similarly.
- ↑ Only occurs in erhua and generally not considered part of the main vowel inventory.
